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Insects Reared on Food Waste: A Game Changer for Global Agricultural Feed Markets?

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  • Christian Elleby
  • Hans Grinsted Jensen
  • Ignacio Pérez Domínguez
  • Thomas Chatzopoulos
  • Pierre Charlebois

Abstract

Insect‐based food and feed have received a lot of attention recently. The EU Farm‐to‐Fork Strategy, for example, mentions insects as an alternative feed material that could reduce the environmental and climate impact of livestock production. Insects are an interesting source of feed because of their ability to convert many types of organic material into protein and fat, including food products that currently go to waste. Having an insect industry producing protein meal from recycled food waste would contribute towards more sustainable agricultural and aquaculture sectors. However, there are many questions associated with this development which we cannot answer at this point. For instance, how much food waste is actually available at the European and global levels for insect‐based protein meal production? If we used the available food waste for insect meal production, what would be the consequences for the agricultural markets and how would it affect the agricultural GHG emission budget? In this article we show that there is a considerable amount of food waste that could be used for insect meal production; which would have substantial impacts on agricultural markets – particularly in the case where there was some relaxation of regulations. According to our calculations, agricultural greenhouse gas emissions would only be modestly affected. Les denrées alimentaires et les aliments pour animaux à base d'insectes ont récemment fait l’objet de beaucoup d'attention. Par exemple, la stratégie européenne de la ferme à l'assiette mentionne les insectes comme matière alimentaire alternative qui pourrait réduire l'impact environnemental et climatique de la production animale. Les insectes sont une source intéressante d’aliments pour animaux en raison de leur capacité à convertir de nombreux types de matières organiques en protéines et en graisses, y compris des produits alimentaires qui sont actuellement gaspillés. Une industrie des insectes produisant de la farine de protéines à partir de déchets alimentaires recyclés contribuerait à une durabilité plus forte des secteurs agricoles et aquacoles. Cependant, il y a beaucoup de questions liées à cette évolution auxquelles nous ne pouvons pas répondre à ce stade. Par exemple, quelle est la quantité de déchets alimentaires réellement disponible aux niveaux européen et mondial pour la production de farines protéinées à base d'insectes ? Si nous utilisions les déchets alimentaires disponibles pour la production de farines d'insectes, quelles seraient les conséquences pour les marchés agricoles et comment cela affecterait‐il le budget d'émissions de gaz à effet de serre agricoles ? Dans cet article, nous montrons qu'il existe une quantité considérable de déchets alimentaires qui pourraient être utilisés pour la production de farine d'insectes ; ce qui aurait des impacts substantiels sur les marchés agricoles – en particulier dans le cas d’un certain assouplissement des réglementations. Selon nos calculs, les effets sur les émissions de gaz à effet de serre agricoles seraient ne seraient que modestes. Lebens‐ und Futtermittel auf Insektenbasis haben in letzter Zeit viel Aufmerksamkeit erregt. So nennt zum Beispiel die Farm‐to‐Fork‐Strategie der EU Insekten als alternative Futtermittel, welche die Umwelt‐ und Klimaauswirkungen der tierischen Erzeugung verringern könnten. Insekten sind eine interessante Futtermittelquelle, da sie viele Arten von organischem Material in Eiweiß und Fett umwandeln können. Hierunter fallen auch Lebensmittel, die derzeit im Abfall landen. Eine Insektenindustrie, die Proteinmehl aus recycelten Lebensmittelabfällen herstellt, würde zu einer nachhaltigeren Landwirtschaft und Aquakultur beitragen. Allerdings sind mit dieser Entwicklung viele Fragen verbunden, die wir zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt noch nicht beantworten können. Wie viele Lebensmittelabfälle stehen, zum Beispiel, auf europäischer und globaler Ebene tatsächlich für die Produktion von Proteinmehl auf Insektenbasis zur Verfügung? Wenn wir die verfügbaren Lebensmittelabfälle für die Produktion von Insektenmehl verwenden würden, welche Folgen hätte dies für die Agrarmärkte und wie würde es sich auf die landwirtschaftlichen Treibhausgasemissionen auswirken? In diesem Artikel zeigen wir, dass es eine beträchtliche Menge an Lebensmittelabfällen gibt, die für die Herstellung von Insektenmehl verwendet werden könnten. Das hätte erhebliche Auswirkungen auf die Agrarmärkte ‐ vor allem, wenn die Vorschriften etwas gelockert würden. Unseren Berechnungen zufolge wären die landwirtschaftlichen Treibhausgasemissionen nur geringfügig betroffen.

Suggested Citation

  • Christian Elleby & Hans Grinsted Jensen & Ignacio Pérez Domínguez & Thomas Chatzopoulos & Pierre Charlebois, 2021. "Insects Reared on Food Waste: A Game Changer for Global Agricultural Feed Markets?," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 20(3), pages 56-62, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:eurcho:v:20:y:2021:i:3:p:56-62
    DOI: 10.1111/1746-692X.12332
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sergio René Araujo Enciso & Ignacio Pérez Domínguez & Fabien Santini & Sophie Helaine, 2015. "Documentation of the European Comissions EU module of the Aglink-Cosimo modelling system," JRC Research Reports JRC92618, Joint Research Centre.
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