Transforming Agricultural Extension in the Digital Age: A Review of ICT-Based Approaches and Innovations

Agricultural extension services enhance farmers’ productivity by providing access to knowledge and innovations. However, traditional methods like farm visits and community training face challenges in reaching remote areas. Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have emerged as a solution, with digital tools such as mobile applications, SMS advisories, AI-powered crop monitoring, and online training improving information access and farming efficiency. ICT-based extension services offer real-time agricultural advisories, market linkages, and capacity-building programs, leading to better farming practices. In Davao Oriental, Philippines, ICT integration has improved yields, resource management, and farmer engagement. AI-powered applications for disease diagnosis and market access have enabled data-driven decisions, reducing losses and increasing profitability. Despite these benefits, barriers such as limited digital literacy, poor internet connectivity, and socioeconomic constraints hinder widespread adoption. This paper emphasizes the need for policies that support digital infrastructure, training programs for farmers, and stronger public-private partnerships to ensure inclusive access to ICT-driven extension services. Further investment in ICT-based extension can transform traditional farming into more efficient and sustainable systems. Ensuring equitable access to digital tools and addressing adoption barriers is essential for maximizing the benefits of ICT-driven agricultural extension, leading to more resilient and sustainable farming communities.