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Sustainable Development Goals and Regional Security in West Africa: Critical Assessment of the Decline of ECOWAS

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  • Nnabueze Emmanuel Okoloagu

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to explore the decline of ECOWAS as a regional security body for the attainment of Sustainable Development Goals (SGDs) in West Africa and to provide solutions that would aid in repositioning the ECOWAS for optimal productivity. Methodology: The paper employed qualitative research design in its study by sampling the various ECOWAS protocols, events and literatures on the subject matter. The data collection and used in the results and discussion segment focused on the period January 2014 to January 2024 covering a period of 10 years. Qualitative data were collected from existing database from journals, reports and books on the subject matter. These data were analysed descriptively to establish the relationships, patterns and trends of the variables. Findings: The study discovered that the West African sub-region is characterized by a complex interplay of ethnic diversity, political instability, and socio-economic challenges which presents a unique environment for the implementation of SDGs and the assurance of regional security. Since inception of ECOWAS in 1975, it has played a central role in fostering economic integration and political stability among member states. However, the decline and survival of ECOWAS as a regional organization face significant challenges which threaten both the achievement of SDGs and regional security. Issues of interconnection between security and development remains inadequately addressed within the ECOWAS framework. The persistent issues of terrorism, civil conflicts, and organized crime within West Africa have severely hindered progress towards achieving SDGs. The paper assessed weak institutional capacity, internal conflicts and political stability, rising economic disparities of member states, and external influences as some key issues leading to ECOWAS decline. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The paper recommended, strengthening regional governance and institutions, resolving internal conflicts and political instability, reducing economic disparities among member states, countering external influences, and focus on sustainable development goals as way forward.

Suggested Citation

  • Nnabueze Emmanuel Okoloagu, 2025. "Sustainable Development Goals and Regional Security in West Africa: Critical Assessment of the Decline of ECOWAS," International Journal of Leadership and Governance, IPRJB, vol. 5(2), pages 47-69.
    • Handle: RePEc:bdu:ojijlg:v:5:y:2025:i:2:p:47-69:id:3347
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    References listed on IDEAS

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