IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bcp/journl/v7y2023i12p308-319.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Effect of Manufacturing Sector Earnings on Trade Balance in Kenya

Author

Listed:
  • Ochola Jason Onyango

    (Master of Arts in Economics graduate, Maseno University)

  • Obange Nelson

    (Corresponding Author Holds a PhD in Economics, A senior Lecturer, Department of Economics, Maseno University)

  • Odhiambo Scholastica

    (N/A)

Abstract

Trade balance position is a vital component of economic growth and development for any economy. It is expressed in monetary terms over a prescribed time period and measures the variance between the value of what an economy exports and imports. Kenya is a market- based economy and has continued to benefit a lot from key sectors of agriculture, manufacturing and tourism. Persistent and continuous trade deficits is unfavorable to any economic outlook since it negatively impacts level of employment, growth and foreign exchange. Kenya‟s trade balance position is heavily supported by key sectors of agriculture, manufacturing and tourism through their immense contribution in foreign exchange earnings. The manufacturing sector on the other hand enjoyed a significantly high rate of growth between 1964 to 1974 of respectively 4.2% and 31% but continued to experience mixed growth rates in the 90s of 3.6% and 2.7% attributed to trade liberalization, election uncertainties, changing policies on import duty. Literature on how trade balance affects economic growth exists but there is limited evidence relating manufacturing and the sector affects trade balance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of manufacturing earnings on the trade balance in Kenya. This study was anchored on the Absorption theory of trade and used correlation research design and secondary time series data from 1964–2018. The data was collated from Kenya National Bureau of Statistics as contained in Statistical Abstracts. Vector Error Correction findings registered significance at 5% level with coefficients of 0.904 signifying that a 1% increase in net earnings from manufacturing increases trade balance by 0.904%. Trade balance is self-correcting at an annual rate of 43.7%. This study further concluded that in the long-run, earnings from manufacturing sector has a strong relationship with trade balance position in Kenya in the current period. This study recommends a strengthening of the manufacturing sector to help improve the positive gap between earnings from exports and imports in Kenya.

Suggested Citation

  • Ochola Jason Onyango & Obange Nelson & Odhiambo Scholastica, 2023. "Effect of Manufacturing Sector Earnings on Trade Balance in Kenya," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 7(12), pages 308-319, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:bcp:journl:v:7:y:2023:i:12:p:308-319
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-7-issue-12/308-319.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/articles/effect-of-manufacturing-sector-earnings-on-trade-balance-in-kenya/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Catherine L. Mann, 2002. "Perspectives on the U.S. Current Account Deficit and Sustainability," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 16(3), pages 131-152, Summer.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Chen, Shyh-Wei & Xie, Zixiong, 2015. "Testing for current account sustainability under assumptions of smooth break and nonlinearity," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 142-156.
    2. Ayla Ogus & Niloufer Sohrabji, 2008. "On the optimality and sustainability of Turkey’s current account," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 35(3), pages 543-568, November.
    3. Nazia Abdul Rehman & Musarrat Shamshir & Khurram Shakir, 2020. "Correlation of Macroeconomic Variables with Twin Deficit in Pakistan," IBT Journal of Business Studies (JBS), Ilma University, Faculty of Management Science, vol. 16(1), pages 16-11.
    4. Idil UZ, 2010. "DETERMINANTS OF CURRENT ACCOUNT: The Relation between Internal and External Balances in Turkey," Applied Econometrics and International Development, Euro-American Association of Economic Development, vol. 10(2).
    5. Richard H. Clarida & Manuela Goretti & Mark P. Taylor, 2007. "Are There Thresholds of Current Account Adjustment in the G7?," NBER Chapters, in: G7 Current Account Imbalances: Sustainability and Adjustment, pages 169-204, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    6. Devi Prasad DASH & Debi Prasad BAL & Manoranjan SAHOO, 2016. "Nexus between defense expenditure and economic growth in BRIC economies: An empirical investigation," Theoretical and Applied Economics, Asociatia Generala a Economistilor din Romania / Editura Economica, vol. 0(1(606), S), pages 89-102, Spring.
    7. Ben Omrane, Walid & Savaser, Tanseli & Welch, Robert & Zhou, Xinyao, 2019. "Time-varying effects of macroeconomic news on euro-dollar returns," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
    8. Holmes, Mark J., 2011. "Threshold cointegration and the short-run dynamics of twin deficit behaviour," Research in Economics, Elsevier, vol. 65(3), pages 271-277, September.
    9. Bandyopadhyay, Gopal & Bagheri, Fathollah & Mann, Michael, 2007. "Reduction of fossil fuel emissions in the USA: A holistic approach towards policy formulation," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(2), pages 950-965, February.
    10. Mariam Camarero & Josep Lluís Carrion‐i‐Silvestre & Cecilio Tamarit, 2021. "External imbalances from a GVAR perspective," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 44(11), pages 3202-3245, November.
    11. Oscar Bajo-Rubio & Carmen D Roldᮠ & Esteve, 2014. "Sustainability of external imbalances in the OECD countries," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 46(4), pages 441-449, February.
    12. Issiaka Coulibaly & Blaise Gnimassoun, 2013. "Current account sustainability in Sub-Saharan Africa: Does the exchange rate regime matter?," Working Papers hal-04141160, HAL.
    13. Ahmed Rafiq & Jawaid Syed Tehseen & Tabasam Aftab Hussain & Iqbal Muhammad Shahid & Gamli-Dovene Francis Komla & Iqbal Muhammad Javed, 2023. "Modelling the determinants and Sustainability of Current Account of Pakistan," Zagreb International Review of Economics and Business, Sciendo, vol. 26(2), pages 97-112.
    14. Ogawa, Eiji & Iwatsubo, Kentaro, 2009. "External adjustments and coordinated exchange rate policy in Asia," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 20(3), pages 225-239, May.
    15. Diao, Xinshen & Zhang, Yumei & Chen, Kevin Z., 2012. "The global recession and China's stimulus package: A general equilibrium assessment of country level impacts," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 23(1), pages 1-17.
    16. Shibata, Akihisa & Shintani, Mototsugu & Tsuruga, Takayuki, 2019. "Current account dynamics under information rigidity and imperfect capital mobility," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 153-176.
    17. Francesco Aiello & Graziella Bonanno & Alessia Via, 2015. "Again on trade elasticities: evidence from a selected sample of countries," Eurasian Business Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 5(2), pages 259-287, December.
    18. Manoranjan SAHOO & M Suresh BABU & Umakant DASH, 2016. "Current account sustainability in SAARC economies: Evidence from combined cointegration approach," Theoretical and Applied Economics, Asociatia Generala a Economistilor din Romania - AGER, vol. 0(4(609), W), pages 281-298, Winter.
    19. Christopoulos, Dimitris & León-Ledesma, Miguel A., 2010. "Current account sustainability in the US: What did we really know about it?," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 29(3), pages 442-459, April.
    20. Diego N. Moccero, 2008. "The Intertemporal Approach to the Current Account: Evidence for Argentina," Journal of Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 11(2), pages 327-353, November.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bcp:journl:v:7:y:2023:i:12:p:308-319. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Dr. Pawan Verma (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.