IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/abq/ijasd1/v6y2024i2p117-126.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Optimizing Agricultural Inputs and Cropped Area Dynamics: A Decade-Long Analysis in Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Iqra Nazeer

    (University of Education, Lahore)

Abstract

This study presents an analysis of agricultural inputs and cropped area dynamics in Pakistan from 2012 to 2022, aiming to understand the relationships between key agricultural parameters. The analysis considers factors such as total cropped area, fertilizer offtake, import of fertilizers, and import of insecticides, utilizing data collected from reliable sources including the National Fertilizer Development Centre and the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and the coefficient of determination were employed to explore these relationships and their implications for agricultural productivity and sustainability. The findings reveal notable fluctuations in total cropped area, fertilizer offtake, and imports of fertilizers and insecticides over the study period. While correlations between cropped area and fertilizer offtake, as well as the import of insecticides, were modest, a negative correlation was observed between cropped area and fertilizer imports. These findings suggest nuanced interactions influenced by various factors beyond fertilizer usage alone, such as soil fertility, climate conditions, and economic considerations. The study underscores the importance of promoting balanced and sustainable agricultural practices, including judicious fertilizer use and integrated pest management strategies, to enhance crop yields, soil fertility, and environmental sustainability. Furthermore, it highlights the need for policymakers, researchers, and agricultural stakeholders to adopt holistic approaches that integrate various parameters to devise effective strategies for enhancing agricultural productivity, sustainability, and resilience in Pakistan. In conclusion, this analysis provides valuable insights into agricultural dynamics in Pakistan and offers recommendations for future research directions and interventions to address systemic challenges and ensure food security and environmental stewardship in the face of a changing world.

Suggested Citation

  • Iqra Nazeer, 2024. "Optimizing Agricultural Inputs and Cropped Area Dynamics: A Decade-Long Analysis in Pakistan," International Journal of Agriculture & Sustainable Development, 50sea, vol. 6(2), pages 117-126, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:abq:ijasd1:v:6:y:2024:i:2:p:117-126
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journal.xdgen.com/index.php/ijasd/article/view/219/234
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://journal.xdgen.com/index.php/ijasd/article/view/219
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Regina Birner & Thomas Daum & Carl Pray, 2021. "Who drives the digital revolution in agriculture? A review of supply‐side trends, players and challenges," Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 43(4), pages 1260-1285, December.
    2. Michelson, Hope & Gourlay, Sydney & Lybbert, Travis & Wollburg, Philip, 2023. "Review: Purchased agricultural input quality and small farms," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).
    3. Antle, John M. & Cole, Donald C. & Crissman, Charles C., 1998. "Further evidence on pesticides, productivity and farmer health: potato production in Ecuador," Agricultural Economics, Blackwell, vol. 18(2), pages 199-207, March.
    4. Kibrom A. Abay & Leah E. M. Bevis & Christopher B. Barrett, 2021. "Measurement Error Mechanisms Matter: Agricultural Intensification with Farmer Misperceptions and Misreporting," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 103(2), pages 498-522, March.
    5. Naylor, Rosamond & Fang, Safari & Fanzo, Jessica, 2023. "A global view of aquaculture policy," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).
    6. John M. Antle & Donald C. Cole & Charles C. Crissman, 1998. "Further evidence on pesticides, productivity and farmer health: Potato production in Ecuador," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 18(2), pages 199-207, March.
    7. Burke, William J. & Jayne, Thom S. & Snapp, Sieglinde S., 2022. "Nitrogen efficiency by soil quality and management regimes on Malawi farms: Can fertilizer use remain profitable?," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    8. Beaman, Lori & Karlan, Dean & Thuysbaert, Bram & Udry, Christopher, 2013. "Probability of Fertilizer: Experimental Evidence from Female Rice Farmers in Mali," Working Papers 111, Yale University, Department of Economics.
    9. Esther Duflo & Michael Kremer & Jonathan Robinson, 2008. "How High Are Rates of Return to Fertilizer? Evidence from Field Experiments in Kenya," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 98(2), pages 482-488, May.
    10. Todd Benson & Tewodaj Mogues, 2018. "Constraints in the fertilizer supply chain: evidence for fertilizer policy development from three African countries," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 10(6), pages 1479-1500, December.
    11. Michael Carter & Rachid Laajaj & Dean Yang, 2021. "Subsidies and the African Green Revolution: Direct Effects and Social Network Spillovers of Randomized Input Subsidies in Mozambique," American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, American Economic Association, vol. 13(2), pages 206-229, April.
    12. Lori Beaman & Dean Karlan & Bram Thuysbaert & Christopher Udry, 2013. "Profitability of Fertilizer: Experimental Evidence from Female Rice Farmers in Mali," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 103(3), pages 381-386, May.
    13. Maha Ashour & Daniel Orth Gilligan & Jessica Blumer Hoel & Naureen Iqbal Karachiwalla, 2019. "Do Beliefs About Herbicide Quality Correspond with Actual Quality in Local Markets? Evidence from Uganda," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 55(6), pages 1285-1306, June.
    14. Kyle Emerick & Alain de Janvry & Elisabeth Sadoulet & Manzoor H. Dar, 2016. "Technological Innovations, Downside Risk, and the Modernization of Agriculture," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 106(6), pages 1537-1561, June.
    15. Erwin Bulte & Gonne Beekman & Salvatore Di Falco & Joseph Hella & Pan Lei, 2014. "Behavioral Responses and the Impact of New Agricultural Technologies: Evidence from a Double-blind Field Experiment in Tanzania," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 96(3), pages 813-830.
    16. John M. Antle & Prabhu L. Pingali, 1994. "Pesticides, Productivity, and Farmer Health: A Philippine Case Study," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 76(3), pages 418-430.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Michelson, Hope & Gourlay, Sydney & Lybbert, Travis & Wollburg, Philip, 2023. "Review: Purchased agricultural input quality and small farms," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).
    2. Olivia Bertelli, 2020. "Investing in Agriculture when it is worth it. Empirical evidence from rural Uganda," Working Papers hal-02446820, HAL.
    3. Olivia Bertelli, 2019. "Investing in agriculture when it is worth it. Evidence from rural Uganda," Working Papers DT/2019/05, DIAL (Développement, Institutions et Mondialisation).
    4. Paola Mallia, 2022. "You reap what (you think) you sow? Evidence on farmers’behavioral adjustments in the case of correct crop varietal identification," PSE Working Papers hal-03597332, HAL.
    5. Deutschmann, Joshua W. & Duru, Maya & Siegal, Kim & Tjernström, Emilia, 2025. "Relaxing multiple agricultural productivity constraints at scale," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
    6. Devaki Ghose & Eduardo Pinheiro Fraga & Ana Margarida Fernandes, 2023. "Fertilizer Import Bans, Agricultural Exports, and Welfare : Evidence from Sri Lanka," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10642, The World Bank.
    7. Nauges, Céline & Bougherara, Douadia & Koussoubé, Estelle, 2021. "Fertilizer use and risk: New evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa," TSE Working Papers 21-1266, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE).
    8. Jérémie Gignoux & Karen Macours & Daniel Stein & Kelsey Wright, 2021. "Agricultural input subsidies, credit constraints and expectations of future transfers: evidence from Haiti," PSE Working Papers halshs-03131411, HAL.
    9. Jovanovic, Nina & Ricker-Gilbert, Jacob, 2025. "Estimating the direct and indirect effects of improved seed adoption on yields: Evidence from DNA-fingerprinting, crop cuts, and self-reporting in Ethiopia," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
    10. Annemie Maertens & Hope Michelson & Vesall Nourani, 2021. "How Do Farmers Learn from Extension Services? Evidence from Malawi," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 103(2), pages 569-595, March.
    11. Michelson,Hope Carolyn & Gourlay,Sydney & Wollburg,Philip Randolph, 2022. "Non-Labor Input Quality and Small Farms in Sub-Saharan Africa : A Review," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10092, The World Bank.
    12. Oyinbo, Oyakhilomen & Chamberlin, Jordan & Maertens, Miet, 2023. "Digital innovation, agricultural productivity growth and environmental sustainability: A randomized evaluation in Nigeria," 2023 Seventh AAAE/60th AEASA Conference, September 18-21, 2023, Durban, South Africa 365853, African Association of Agricultural Economists (AAAE).
    13. Wossen, Tesfamicheal & Abay, Kibrom A. & Abdoulaye, Tahirou, 2022. "Misperceiving and misreporting input quality: Implications for input use and productivity," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    14. Athukorala, Wasantha & Lee, Boon L. & Wilson, Clevo & Fujii, Hidemichi & Managi, Shunsuke, 2023. "Measuring the impact of pesticide exposure on farmers’ health and farm productivity," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 851-862.
    15. Shilpa Aggarwal & Brian Giera & Dahyeon Jeong & Jonathan Robinson & Alan Spearot, 2024. "Market Access, Trade Costs, and Technology Adoption: Evidence from Northern Tanzania," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 106(6), pages 1511-1528, November.
    16. Mateus Dias & Rudi Rocha & Rodrigo R Soares, 2023. "Down the River: Glyphosate Use in Agriculture and Birth Outcomes of Surrounding Populations," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 90(6), pages 2943-2981.
    17. Bohr, Nils & Deisemann, Tim & Gollin, Douglas & Kosmowski, Frédéric & Lybbert, Travis J., 2024. "The seeds of misallocation: Fertilizer use and maize varietal misidentification in Ethiopia," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
    18. Jovanovic, Nina & Ricker-Gilbert, Jacob, 2023. "Estimating the Direct and Indirect Effects of Improved Seed Adoption on Yields: Evidence from DNA-Fingerprinting, Crop cuts, and Self-Reporting in Ethiopia," 2023 Seventh AAAE/60th AEASA Conference, September 18-21, 2023, Durban, South Africa 365985, African Association of Agricultural Economists (AAAE).
    19. Dias, Mateus & Rocha, Rudi & Soares, Rodrigo R., 2019. "Glyphosate Use in Agriculture and Birth Outcomes of Surrounding Populations," IZA Discussion Papers 12164, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    20. Aihounton, Ghislain & Henningsen, Arne & Trifkovic, Neda, 2021. "Pesticide Handling and Human Health: Conventional and Organic Cotton Farming in Benin," 2021 Conference, August 17-31, 2021, Virtual 315407, International Association of Agricultural Economists.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:abq:ijasd1:v:6:y:2024:i:2:p:117-126. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Iqra Nazeer (email available below). General contact details of provider: .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.