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The Value of Autonomy: Evidence from the Self-Employed in 23 Countries Author info | Abstract | Publisher info | Download info | Related research | Statistics Matthias Benz
Bruno S. Frey
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The self-employed are substantially more satisfied with their work than employed persons. We document this relationship for 23 countries and show that the higher job satisfaction can directly be attributed to the greater autonomy that self-employed persons enjoy. "Being your own boss" seems to provide non-pecuniary benefits from work that point to the existence of procedural utility: autonomy is valued beyond outcomes as a good decision-making procedure. The results hold not only for Western European, North American and former communist Eastern European countries, but largely also for countries with a non-western cultural background.
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Paper provided by Institute for Empirical Research in Economics - IEW in its series IEW - Working Papers with number
iewwp173.
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Keywords: self-employment ; autonomy ; job satisfaction ; procedural utility ; Other versions of this item:
Find related papers by JEL classification: D00 - Microeconomics - - General - - - General M54 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting - - Personnel Economics - - - Labor Management J23 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Demand J81 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Standards - - - Working Conditions L22 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Firm Organization and Market Structure
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