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Learning in Sender-Receiver Games

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Author Info
Andreas Blume
Douglas V. DeJong
George R. Neumann
Nathan E. Savin
Abstract

Stimulus-response (SR) and belief-based learning (BBL) models are estimated with experimental data from sender-receiver games and compared using the Davidson and MacKinnon P-test for non-nested hypotheses. Depending on a certain adjustment parameter, the P-test favors the SR model, the BBL model or neither of the models. Following Camerer and Ho, the models are also compared to a hybrid model that incorporates a mixture of both types of learning. The hybrid model is frequently not significantly better than either the SR or the BBL model. The sensitivity of the results to observations taken after learning has ceased is investigated.

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG - (Lernen in Sender-Empfänger-Spielen)
Reiz-Reaktions- und überzeugungsgestützte Lernmodelle werden anhand von experimentellen Daten eines Senders-Empfänger-Spiels geschätzt und anhand des Davidson und MacKinnon P-Tests für nicht eingebundene Hypothesen verglichen. In Abhängigkeit eines bestimmten Anpassungsparameters stützt der P-Test das Reiz-Reaktions-Modell, das überzeugungsgestützte Lernmodell bzw. keines der Modelle. In Anlehnung an Camerer und Ho werden die Modelle auch in Form eines hybriden Modells verglichen, das eine Mischung beider Typen des Lernens beinhaltet. Das Hybridmodell ist häufig nicht signifikant besser als das Reiz-Reaktions-Modell bzw. das überzeugungsgestützte Lernmodell. Außerdem wird die Sensitivität der Ergebnisse im Hinblick auf Beobachtungen aufgezeigt, die nach Abschluß des Lernens gemacht wurden.

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Publisher Info
Paper provided by Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin (WZB), Research Unit: Competition and Innovation (CIG) in its series CIG Working Papers with number FS IV 98-13.

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Length: 36 pages
Date of creation: Sep 1998
Date of revision:
Publication status: Published under the title "Learning and Communication in Sender-Receiver Games: An Econometric Investigation" in Journal of Applied Econometrics, Vol. 17(3), May 2002, pp. 225-247.
Handle: RePEc:wzb:wzebiv:fsiv98-13

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Related research
Keywords: noncooperative games; laboratory; individual behavior; group behavior;

References listed on IDEAS
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  1. Fudenberg, Drew & Levine, David, 1998. "Learning in games," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 42(3-5), pages 631-639, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Camerer, Colin & Ho, Teck-Hua, 1997. "Experience-Weighted Attraction Learning in Games: A Unifying Approach," Working Papers 1003, California Institute of Technology, Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences. [Downloadable!]
  3. Davidson, Russell & MacKinnon, James G., 1984. "Convenient specification tests for logit and probit models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 25(3), pages 241-262, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  4. Stein, Jeremy C, 1989. "Cheap Talk and the Fed: A Theory of Imprecise Policy Announcements," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 79(1), pages 32-42, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  5. Erev, Ido & Roth, Alvin E, 1998. "Predicting How People Play Games: Reinforcement Learning in Experimental Games with Unique, Mixed Strategy Equilibria," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 88(4), pages 848-81, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. McKelvey Richard D. & Palfrey Thomas R., 1995. "Quantal Response Equilibria for Normal Form Games," Games and Economic Behavior, Elsevier, vol. 10(1), pages 6-38, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. Boylan Richard T. & El-Gamal Mahmoud A., 1993. "Fictitious Play: A Statistical Study of Multiple Economic Experiments," Games and Economic Behavior, Elsevier, vol. 5(2), pages 205-222, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  8. Mookherjee Dilip & Sopher Barry, 1994. "Learning Behavior in an Experimental Matching Pennies Game," Games and Economic Behavior, Elsevier, vol. 7(1), pages 62-91, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  9. Cheung, Yin-Wong & Friedman, Daniel, 1997. "Individual Learning in Normal Form Games: Some Laboratory Results," Games and Economic Behavior, Elsevier, vol. 19(1), pages 46-76, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  10. Selten, Reinhard, . "Features of Experimentally Observed Bounded Rationality," Discussion Paper Serie B 421, University of Bonn, Germany, revised Nov 1997.
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  11. Fudenberg, D. & Kreps, D.M., 1992. "Learning Mixed Equilibria," Working papers 92-13, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Department of Economics.
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  12. Crawford, Vincent P & Sobel, Joel, 1982. "Strategic Information Transmission," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 50(6), pages 1431-51, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  13. Boylan, Richard T. & El-Gamal, Mahmoud A., 1990. "Fictitious Play: A Statistical Study of Multiple Economic Experiments," Working Papers 737, California Institute of Technology, Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences. [Downloadable!]
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