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Why retailers cluster: An agent model of location choice on supply chains

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Author Info
Arthur Huang
David Levinson () (Nexus (Networks, Economics, and Urban Systems) Research Group, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota)

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Abstract

This paper investigates the emergence of retail clusters on supply chains comprised of suppliers, retailers, and consumers. Agent-based models are employed to study retail location choice in a market of homogeneous goods and a market of complementary goods. On a circle comprised of discrete locales, retailers play a non-cooperative game by choosing locales to maximize profits which are impacted by their distance to consumers and to suppliers. Our findings disclose that in a market of homogeneous products symmetric distributions of retail clusters rise out of competition between individual retailers; average cluster density and cluster size change dynamically as retailers enter the market. In a market of two complementary goods, multiple equilibria of retail distributions are found to be common; a single cluster of retailers has the highest probability to emerge. Overall, our results show that retail clusters emerge from the balance between retailers’ proximity to their customers, their competitors, their complements, and their suppliers.

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File URL: http://nexus.umn.edu/Papers/RetailPaper.pdf
File Format: application/pdf
File Function: first version, 2008
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Publisher Info
Paper provided by University of Minnesota: Nexus Research Group in its series Working Papers with number 000056.

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Date of creation: 2008
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Publication status: Published in working paper
Handle: RePEc:nex:wpaper:retailpaper

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Postal: Dept. of Civil Engineering, 500 Pillsbury Drive SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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Web page: http://nexus.umn.edu
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Related research
Keywords: retail clusters; agent-based model; location choice; distribution pattern;

Find related papers by JEL classification:
R30 - Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics - - Production Analysis and Firm Location - - - General
L22 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Firm Organization and Market Structure

References listed on IDEAS
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