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Incentive Effects of Social Security on Labor Force Participation: Evidence in Germany and Across Europe

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Author Info
Axel Borsch-Supan
Abstract

All across Europe, old age labor force participation has declined dramatically during the last decades. This secular trend coincides with population aging. The European social security systems therefore face a double threat: retirees receive pensions for a longer time while there are less workers per retiree to shoulder the financial burden of the pension systems. This paper shows that a significant part of this problem is homemade: most European pension systems provide strong incentives to retire early. The correlation between the force of these incentives with old age labor force participation is strongly negative. The paper provides qualitative and econometric evidence for the strength of the incentive effects on old age labor supply across Europe and for the German public pension program.

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Paper provided by National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc in its series NBER Working Papers with number 6780.

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Date of creation: Nov 1998
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Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:6780

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
J26 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Retirement; Retirement Policies
H55 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Social Security and Public Pensions

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References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
  1. Sikandar Siddiqui, 1997. "The pension incentive to retire: Empirical evidence for West Germany," Journal of Population Economics, Springer, vol. 10(4), pages 463-486. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Meghir, Costas & Whitehouse, Edward, 1997. "Labour market transitions and retirement of men in the UK," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 79(2), pages 327-354, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  3. Martin Feldstein & Andrew Samwick, 1996. "The Transition Path in Privatizing Social Security," NBER Working Papers 5761, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  4. Langdon, M. G., 1984. "Methods of determining choice probability in utility maximising multiple alternative models," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 18(3), pages 209-234, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  5. Didier Blanchet & Louis-Paul Pele, 1997. "Social Security and Retirement in France," NBER Working Papers 6214, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  6. Jonathan Gruber, 1997. "Social Security and Retirement in Canada," NBER Working Papers 6308, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  7. Robin L. Lumsdaine & James H. Stock & David A. Wise, 1992. "Three Models of Retirement: Computational Complexity Versus Predictive Validity," NBER Working Papers 3558, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  8. Borsch-Supan, Axel & Schnabel, Reinhold, 1998. "Social Security and Declining Labor-Force Participation in Germany," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 88(2), pages 173-78, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  9. Richard Blundell & Paul Johnson, 1997. "Pensions and Retirement in the UK," NBER Working Papers 6154, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  11. Michele Boldrin & Sergi Jimenez-Martni & Franco Peracchi, 1997. "Social Security and Retirement in Spain," NBER Working Papers 6136, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  12. Martin Feldstein & Jeffrey B. Liebman, 2001. "Social Security," NBER Working Papers 8451, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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    • Feldstein, Martin & Liebman, Jeffrey B., 2002. "Social security," Handbook of Public Economics, in: A. J. Auerbach & M. Feldstein (ed.), Handbook of Public Economics, edition 1, volume 4, chapter 32, pages 2245-2324 Elsevier. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  14. Glenn T. Sueyoshi, 1989. "Social Security and the Determinants of Full and Partial Retirement: A Competing Risks Analysis," NBER Working Papers 3113, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  15. Hajivassiliou, Vassilis & McFadden, Daniel & Ruud, Paul, 1996. "Simulation of multivariate normal rectangle probabilities and their derivatives theoretical and computational results," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 72(1-2), pages 85-134. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  16. Agar Brugiavini, 1997. "Social Security and Retirement in Italy," NBER Working Papers 6155, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  17. Laurence J. Kotlikoff, 1996. "Simulating the Privatization of Social Security in General Equilibrium," NBER Working Papers 5776, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  18. John Rust, 1989. "Behavior of male workers at the end of the life-cycle: an empirical analysis of states and controls," Discussion Paper / Institute for Empirical Macroeconomics 6, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. [Downloadable!]
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  19. Pierre Pestieau & Jean-Philippe Stijns, 1997. "Social Security and Retirement in Belgium," NBER Working Papers 6169, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  20. Peter Diamond & Jonathan Gruber, 1997. "Social Security and Retirement in the U.S," NBER Working Papers 6097, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  21. Börsch-Supan, Axel & Schnabel, Reinhold, 1997. "Social security and retirement in germany," Sonderforschungsbereich 504 Publications 97-20, Sonderforschungsbereich 504, Universität Mannheim & Sonderforschungsbereich 504, University of Mannheim.
    Other versions:
Full references

Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Börsch-Supan, Axel, . "Blaupause für eine nachhaltige Rentenreform in Deutschland," IVS discussion paper series 599, Institut für Volkswirtschaft und Statistik (IVS), University of Mannheim. [Downloadable!]
  2. Axel Börsch-Supan, 2002. "Nach der Reform ist vor der Reform:Weitere Schritte für eine nachhaltige Reform der Altersvorsorge in Deutschland," MEA discussion paper series 02015, Mannheim Research Institute for the Economics of Aging (MEA), University of Mannheim. [Downloadable!]
  3. Arnds, Pascal & Bonin, Holger, 2002. "Frühverrentung in Deutschland: Ökonomische Anreize und institutionelle Strukturen," IZA Discussion Papers 666, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
  4. Axel Börsch-Supan, 2002. "A Blue Print For Germany’s Pension Reform," MEA discussion paper series 02002, Mannheim Research Institute for the Economics of Aging (MEA), University of Mannheim. [Downloadable!]
  5. Axel Börsch-Supan, 2002. "Eine Blaupause für eine nachhaltige Rentenreform in Deutschland," MEA discussion paper series 02001, Mannheim Research Institute for the Economics of Aging (MEA), University of Mannheim. [Downloadable!]
  6. Winter, Joachim, 1999. "Strukturelle ökonometrische Verfahren zur Analyse von Renteneintrittsentscheidungen," Sonderforschungsbereich 504 Publications 99-03, Sonderforschungsbereich 504, Universität Mannheim & Sonderforschungsbereich 504, University of Mannheim. [Downloadable!]
  7. Axel Börsch-Supan, 2002. "A Blue Print For Germany’s Pension Reform," MEA discussion paper series 02002, Mannheim Research Institute for the Economics of Aging (MEA), University of Mannheim. [Downloadable!]
  8. Axel Börsch-Supan, 2002. "Eine Blaupause für eine nachhaltige Rentenreform in Deutschland," MEA discussion paper series 02001, Mannheim Research Institute for the Economics of Aging (MEA), University of Mannheim. [Downloadable!]
  9. Axel Börsch-Supan, 2002. "Nach der Reform ist vor der Reform:Weitere Schritte für eine nachhaltige Reform der Altersvorsorge in Deutschland," MEA discussion paper series 02015, Mannheim Research Institute for the Economics of Aging (MEA), University of Mannheim. [Downloadable!]
  10. Estelle James & Alejandra Cox Edwards, 2005. "Do Individual Accounts Postpone Retirement: Evidence from Chile," Working Papers wp098, University of Michigan, Michigan Retirement Research Center. [Downloadable!]
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