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Frühverrentung in Deutschland: Ökonomische Anreize und institutionelle Strukturen

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Author Info
Arnds, Pascal (IZA Bonn)
Bonin, Holger () (IZA Bonn)

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Abstract

Das durchschnittliche Rentenzugangsalter in Deutschland liegt erheblich unter der gesetzlichen Regelaltersgrenze. Dieser Beitrag analysiert die arbeitsmarkt- und rentenpolitischen Ursachen der massiven Frühverrentung. Aufbauend auf einem Überblick über ökonomische Konzepte der Ruhestandsentscheidung wird ein Überblick über die Rentenzugangspfade gegeben. Die bestehenden institutionellen Strukturen werden auf Anreize zur Frühverrentung hin untersucht und die empirische Relevanz dieser Anreize illustriert. Für die Zukunft ist ein Anstieg des Rentenzugangsalters zu erwarten, weil bereits beschlossene institutionelle Korrekturen Frühverrentung erschweren. Die bisher getroffenen Maßnahmen reichen jedoch nicht aus, um den Übergang in den Ruhestand anreizneutral zu gestalten. Early Retirement in Germany: Institutions and Incentives A substantial fraction of German workers effectively retires before reaching mandatory retirement age. Starting from a review of the basic economic concepts to explain retirement, this paper surveys the incentives for early exit that are set by labor market policies and Social Security institutions. We explain the various pathways to retirement existing in Germany, and assess the associated economic incentives to retire early. Some evidence is gathered that these incentives are indeed relevant. For the future, we predict that the average retirement age is likely to increase, as a result of institutional changes already enacted. However, these measures are not sufficient to eliminate incentives for early retirement completely.

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Paper provided by Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in its series IZA Discussion Papers with number 666.

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Length: 38 pages
Date of creation: Dec 2002
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Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp666

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Related research
Keywords: early retirement; social security incentives; Germany;

Other versions of this item:

Find related papers by JEL classification:
J26 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Retirement; Retirement Policies
H55 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Social Security and Public Pensions

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References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
  1. Burtless, Gary, 1986. "Social Security, Unanticipated Benefit Increases, and the Timing of Retirement," Review of Economic Studies, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 53(5), pages 781-805, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Michael D. Hurd, 1990. "The Joint Retirement Decision of Husbands and Wives," NBER Chapters, in: Issues in the Economics of Aging, pages 231-258 National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  3. Stock, J.H. & Wise, D.A., 1988. "Pensions, The Option Value Of Work, And Retirement," Papers e-88-28, Stanford - Hoover Institution.
    Other versions:
  4. Berkovec, James & Stern, Steven, 1991. "Job Exit Behavior of Older Men," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 59(1), pages 189-210, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  5. Sikandar Siddiqui, 1997. "The pension incentive to retire: Empirical evidence for West Germany," Journal of Population Economics, Springer, vol. 10(4), pages 463-486. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Friedrich Breyer & Mathias Kifmann, 2001. "Incentives to Retire Later: A Solution to the Social Security Crisis?," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 266, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research. [Downloadable!]
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  7. Boskin, Michael J. & Hurd, Michael D., 1978. "The effect of social security on early retirement," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 10(3), pages 361-377, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  8. Alan L. Gustman & Thomas L. Steinmeier, 1986. "A Structural Retirement Model," NBER Working Papers 1237, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  9. John B. Burbidge & A. Leslie Robb, 1980. "Pensions and Retirement Behaviour," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 13(3), pages 421-37, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  10. Gustman, Alan L & Steinmeier, Thomas L, 1986. "A Structural Retirement Model," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 54(3), pages 555-84, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  11. Courtney Coile & Jonathan Gruber, 2000. "Social Security and Retirement," NBER Working Papers 7830, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  12. Feldstein, Martin S, 1974. "Social Security, Induced Retirement, and Aggregate Capital Accumulation," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 82(5), pages 905-26, Sept./Oct. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  13. Winter, Joachim, 1999. "Strukturelle ökonometrische Verfahren zur Analyse von Renteneintrittsentscheidungen," Sonderforschungsbereich 504 Publications 99-03, Sonderforschungsbereich 504, Universität Mannheim & Sonderforschungsbereich 504, University of Mannheim. [Downloadable!]
  14. Luca Spataro, 2002. "New Tools in Micromodeling Retirement Decisions: Overview and Applications to the Italian Case," CeRP Working Papers 28, Center for Research on Pensions and Welfare Policies, Turin (Italy). [Downloadable!]
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  15. Börsch-Supan, Axel, 1998. "Incentive Effects of Social Security on Labor Force Participation: Evidence in Germany and Across Europe," Sonderforschungsbereich 504 Publications 98-29, Sonderforschungsbereich 504, Universität Mannheim & Sonderforschungsbereich 504, University of Mannheim.
  16. Samuelson, Paul A, 1975. "Optimum Social Security in a Life-Cycle Growth Model," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 16(3), pages 539-44, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  17. Axel Borsch-Supan, 1998. "Incentive Effects of Social Security on Labor Force Participation: Evidence in Germany and Across Europe," NBER Working Papers 6780, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  18. Blau, David M. & Riphahn, Regina T., 1998. "Labor Force Transitions of Older Married Couples in Germany," IZA Discussion Papers 05, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  19. Diamond, P. A. & Hausman, J. A., 1984. "Individual retirement and savings behavior," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 23(1-2), pages 81-114. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
Full references

Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Borgmann, Christoph & Heidler, Matthias, 2003. "Demographics and Volatile Social Security Wealth: Political Risks of Benefit Rule Changes in Germany," CESifo Working Paper Series CESifo Working Paper No. , CESifo Group Munich. [Downloadable!]
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