IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/iza/izadps/dp9630.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Multiple Job Holding, Local Labor Markets, and the Business Cycle

Author

Listed:
  • Hirsch, Barry

    (Georgia State University)

  • Husain, Muhammad M.

    (Georgia State University)

  • Winters, John V.

    (Iowa State University)

Abstract

About 5 percent of U.S. workers hold multiple jobs, which can exacerbate or mitigate employment changes over the business cycle. Theory is ambiguous and prior literature is not fully conclusive. We examine the relationship between multiple job holding and local unemployment rates using a large Current Population Survey data set of workers in urban labor markets during 1998-2013. High unemployment labor markets have moderately lower rates of multiple job holding. Yet no relationship between multiple job holding and unemployment is found within markets over time, with near zero estimates being precisely estimated. The response of multiple job holding to unemployment is acyclic.

Suggested Citation

  • Hirsch, Barry & Husain, Muhammad M. & Winters, John V., 2016. "Multiple Job Holding, Local Labor Markets, and the Business Cycle," IZA Discussion Papers 9630, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    • Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp9630
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://docs.iza.org/dp9630.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    Other versions of this item:

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Paxson, Christina H & Sicherman, Nachum, 1996. "The Dynamics of Dual Job Holding and Job Mobility," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 14(3), pages 357-393, July.
    2. Renna, Francesco & Oaxaca, Ronald L., 2006. "The Economics of Dual Job Holding: A Job Portfolio Model of Labor Supply," IZA Discussion Papers 1915, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    3. Hirsch, Barry & Husain, Muhammad M. & Winters, John V., 2016. "The Puzzling Fixity of Multiple Job Holding across Regions and Labor Markets," IZA Discussion Papers 9631, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    4. Krishnan, Pramila, 1990. "The Economics of Moonlighting: A Double Self-Selection Model: Errata," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 72(4), pages 712-712, November.
    5. Jean Kimmel & Lisa M. Powell, 1999. "Moonlighting Trends and Related Policy Issues in Canada and the United States," Canadian Public Policy, University of Toronto Press, vol. 25(2), pages 207-231, June.
    6. John Winters, 2010. "Teacher moonlighting: evidence from the US Current Population Survey," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(11), pages 1111-1114.
    7. Böheim, René & Taylor, Mark P., 2004. "And in the Evening She's a Singer with the Band – Second Jobs, Plight or Pleasure?," IZA Discussion Papers 1081, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    8. Mark Partridge, 2002. "Moonlighting in a High Growth Economy: Evidence from U.S. State‐Level Data," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(4), pages 424-452, September.
    9. Krishnan, Pramila, 1990. "The Economics of Moonlighting: A Double Self-Selection Model," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 72(2), pages 361-367, May.
    10. Robert E. Hall, 1970. "Why Is the Unemployment Rate So High at Full Employment?," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 1(3), pages 369-410.
    11. Barry T. Hirsch & Edward J. Schumacher, 2012. "Underpaid or Overpaid? Wage Analysis for Nurses Using Job and Worker Attributes," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 78(4), pages 1096-1119, April.
    12. Georgios A. Panos & Konstantinos Pouliakas & Alexandros Zangelidis, 2014. "Multiple Job Holding, Skill Diversification, and Mobility," Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 53(2), pages 223-272, April.
    13. Shishko, Robert & Rostker, Bernard, 1976. "The Economics of Multiple Job Holding," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 66(3), pages 298-308, June.
    14. Ingram, Beth F. & Neumann, George R., 2006. "The returns to skill," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 13(1), pages 35-59, February.
    15. Susan Averett, 2001. "Moonlighting: multiple motives and gender differences," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 33(11), pages 1391-1410.
    16. Catalina Amuedo‐Dorantes & Jean Kimmel, 2009. "Moonlighting Over The Business Cycle," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 47(4), pages 754-765, October.
    17. Hamersma, Sarah & Heinrich, Carolyn J. & Mueser, Peter R., 2012. "Temporary Help Work: Compensating Differentials and Multiple Job-Holding," IZA Discussion Papers 6759, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Olena Kostyshyna & Etienne Lalé, 2022. "On the evolution of multiple jobholding in Canada," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 55(2), pages 1095-1134, May.
    2. Kirathimo Muruga & Tatjana Vasiljeva, 2021. "Physicians' Dual Practice: A Theoretical Approach," Central European Business Review, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 2021(5), pages 1-20.
    3. Hirsch, Barry T. & Winters, John V., 2016. "Rotation group bias in measures of multiple job holding," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 160-163.
    4. Renna Francesco & Oaxaca Ronald L. & Choe Chung, 2023. "Is There a Business Cycle Effect on the Incidence of Dual Job Holding?," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 23(2), pages 443-465, April.
    5. Ziyuan Meng & Ping Tang & Hui Wang, 2023. "Influence of Individual Skill Variety on Side-Hustle Intention: The Mediating Effect of Role Breadth Self-Efficacy and the Moderating Role of Side-Hustle Meaningfulness," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-14, January.
    6. Auray, Stéphane & Fuller, David L. & Vandenbroucke, Guillaume, 2021. "Comparative advantage and moonlighting," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    7. Wieteke Conen & Jonas Stein, 2021. "A panel study of the consequences of multiple jobholding: enrichment and depletion effects," Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, , vol. 27(2), pages 219-236, May.
    8. Etienne Lalé, 2019. "Search and Multiple Jobholding," Upjohn Working Papers 19-305, W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research.
    9. John M. Abowd & Kevin L. McKinney & Nellie L. Zhao, 2018. "Earnings Inequality and Mobility Trends in the United States: Nationally Representative Estimates from Longitudinally Linked Employer-Employee Data," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 36(S1), pages 183-300.
    10. Compton, Andrew, 2019. "A Search Theoretic Model of Part-Time Employment and Multiple Job Holdings," MPRA Paper 97003, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Mohamed Mousa & Monowar Mahmood, 2023. "Mental Illness of Management Educators: Does Holding Multiple Academic Jobs Play a Role? A Qualitative Study," Public Organization Review, Springer, vol. 23(2), pages 647-665, June.
    12. Balza, Lenin H. & De Los Rios, Camilo & Guerra, Alfredo & Herrera-Prada, Luis Omar & Manzano, Osmel, 2023. "Unraveling the network of extractive industries," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PB).
    13. Hirsch, Barry & Husain, Muhammad M. & Winters, John V., 2016. "The Puzzling Fixity of Multiple Job Holding across Regions and Labor Markets," IZA Discussion Papers 9631, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    14. Anna Ilsøe & Trine P. Larsen & Emma S. Bach, 2021. "Multiple jobholding in the digital platform economy: signs of segmentation," Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, , vol. 27(2), pages 201-218, May.
    15. Paul Glavin, 2020. "Multiple jobs? The prevalence, intensity and determinants of multiple jobholding in Canada," The Economic and Labour Relations Review, , vol. 31(3), pages 383-402, September.
    16. Hlouskova, Jaroslava & Tsigaris, Panagiotis, 2020. "A behavioral economic approach to multiple job holdings with leisure," IHS Working Paper Series 23, Institute for Advanced Studies.
    17. Conen, Wieteke, 2020. "Multiple jobholding in Europe: Structure and dynamics," WSI Studies 20, The Institute of Economic and Social Research (WSI), Hans Böckler Foundation.
    18. Agnieszka Piasna & Marcello Pedaci & Jan Czarzasty, 2021. "Multiple jobholding in Europe: features and effects of primary job quality," Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, , vol. 27(2), pages 181-199, May.
    19. KURODA Sachiko & ONISHI Koichiro, 2023. "Exploring the Gig Economy in Japan: A bank data-driven analysis of food delivery gig workers," Discussion papers 23025, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    20. Konstantinos Pouliakas & Wieteke S. Conen, 2023. "Multiple job-holding: Career pathway or dire straits?," IZA World of Labor, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), pages 3562-3562, December.
    21. Lawrence F. Katz & Alan B. Krueger, 2019. "Understanding Trends in Alternative Work Arrangements in the United States," NBER Working Papers 25425, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    22. Barry T. Hirsch & Muhammad M. Husain & John V. Winters, 2017. "The Puzzling Pattern of Multiple Job Holding across U.S. Labor Markets," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 84(1), pages 26-51, July.
    23. Lalé, Etienne, 2016. "The Evolution of Multiple Jobholding in the U.S. Labor Market: The Complete Picture of Gross Worker Flows," IZA Discussion Papers 10355, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Hirsch, Barry & Husain, Muhammad M. & Winters, John V., 2016. "The Puzzling Fixity of Multiple Job Holding across Regions and Labor Markets," IZA Discussion Papers 9631, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    2. Georgios A. Panos & Konstantinos Pouliakas & Alexandros Zangelidis, 2014. "Multiple Job Holding, Skill Diversification, and Mobility," Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 53(2), pages 223-272, April.
    3. Etienne Lalé, 2019. "Search and Multiple Jobholding," Upjohn Working Papers 19-305, W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research.
    4. Lalé, Etienne, 2016. "The Evolution of Multiple Jobholding in the U.S. Labor Market: The Complete Picture of Gross Worker Flows," IZA Discussion Papers 10355, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    5. Gregory Gilpin, 2018. "Policy-induced School Calendar Changes and Teacher Moonlighting," CAEPR Working Papers 2018-009, Center for Applied Economics and Policy Research, Department of Economics, Indiana University Bloomington.
    6. Olena Kostyshyna & Etienne Lalé, 2022. "On the evolution of multiple jobholding in Canada," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 55(2), pages 1095-1134, May.
    7. Barry T. Hirsch & Muhammad M. Husain & John V. Winters, 2017. "The Puzzling Pattern of Multiple Job Holding across U.S. Labor Markets," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 84(1), pages 26-51, July.
    8. Gregory Gilpin, 2020. "Policy‐Induced School Calendar Changes and Teacher Moonlighting," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 86(3), pages 989-1018, January.
    9. Alisa Tazhitdinova, 2022. "Increasing Hours Worked: Moonlighting Responses to a Large Tax Reform," American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association, vol. 14(1), pages 473-500, February.
    10. Etienne Lale, 2022. "Search and Multiple Jobholding," Working Papers 22-07, Chair in macroeconomics and forecasting, University of Quebec in Montreal's School of Management.
    11. Renna Francesco & Oaxaca Ronald L. & Choe Chung, 2023. "Is There a Business Cycle Effect on the Incidence of Dual Job Holding?," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 23(2), pages 443-465, April.
    12. Jacob Nunoo & Kwabena Nkansah Darfor & Isaac Koomson & Abigail Arthur, 2016. "Employment Security and Workers’ Moonlighting Behaviour in Ghana," Research Africa Network Working Papers 16/006, Research Africa Network (RAN).
    13. Hlouskova, Jaroslava & Tsigaris, Panagiotis, 2020. "A behavioral economic approach to multiple job holdings with leisure," IHS Working Paper Series 23, Institute for Advanced Studies.
    14. Baah-Boateng, William & Adjei, Prince & Oduro, Abena, 2013. "Determinants of moonlighting in Ghana: an empirical investigation," MPRA Paper 109702, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    15. Dolado, Juan J & Felgueroso, Florentino, 2008. "Occupational Mismatch and Moonlighting Among Spanish Physicians: Do Couples Matter?," CEPR Discussion Papers 6803, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    16. Ilias Livanos & Alexandros Zangelidis, 2012. "Multiple Job-holding among Male Workers in Greece," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 46(1), pages 119-135, March.
    17. Jacob Nunoo & Kwabena Nkansah Darfor & Isaac Koomson & Abigail Arthur, 2018. "Employment security and workers’ moonlighting behavior in Ghana," Journal of Economic Studies, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 45(1), pages 144-155, January.
    18. Chung Choe & Ronald L. Oaxaca & Francesco Renna, 2018. "Constrained vs unconstrained labor supply: the economics of dual job holding," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 31(4), pages 1279-1319, October.
    19. Sum Lo Simon Ming, 2023. "Desired work-leisure balance in a partial equilibrium job search model with multiple job holding," IZA Journal of Labor Economics, Sciendo & Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 12(1), pages 1-43, December.
    20. Smith Conway, Karen & Kimmel, Jean, 1998. "Male labor supply estimates and the decision to moonlight," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 5(2), pages 135-166, June.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    business cycle; local labor markets; multiple jobs;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp9630. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Holger Hinte (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/izaaade.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.