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Worker Flows, Job Flows and Firm Wage Policies: An Analysis of Slovenia

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Author Info
Haltiwanger, John () (University of Maryland, NBER and IZA Bonn)
Vodopivec, Milan (World Bank, GEA College of Entrepreneurship, Portorož and IZA Bonn)

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Abstract

Like many transition economies, Slovenia is undergoing profound changes in the workings of the labor market with potentially greater flexibility in terms of both wage and employment adjustment. We investigate the impact of the changing labor market for Slovenia using unique longitudinal matched employer-employee data that permits measurement of employment transitions and wages for workers and links of the workers to the firms with whom they are employed. We can thus measure worker flows and job flows in a comprehensive and integrated manner. We find a high pace of job flows in Slovenia especially for young, small, private and foreign owned firms and for young, less educated workers. While job flows have approached the rates observed in developed market economies, the excess of worker flows above job flows is lower than that observed in market economies. A key factor in the patterns of the worker and job flows is the determination of wages in Slovenia. A base wage schedule provides strict guidelines for minimum wages for different skill categories. However, firms are permitted to offer higher wages to an individual based upon the success of the worker and/or the firm. Our analysis shows that firms deviate from the base wage schedule significantly and that the idiosyncratic wage policies of firms are closely related to the observed pattern of worker and job flows at the firm. Firms with more flexible wages (measured as less compression of wages within the firm) have less employment instability and also are able to improve the match quality of its workers.

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Publisher Info
Paper provided by Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in its series IZA Discussion Papers with number 569.

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Length: 51 pages
Date of creation: Sep 2002
Date of revision:
Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp569

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Related research
Keywords: job flows worker flows wage policies

Other versions of this item:

Find related papers by JEL classification:
J23 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Demand
J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
J41 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Particular Labor Markets - - - Labor Contracts
J61 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies - - - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers
P23 - Economic Systems - - Socialist Systems and Transition Economies - - - Factor and Product Markets; Industry Studies; Population
P31 - Economic Systems - - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions - - - Socialist Enterprises and Their Transitions

References listed on IDEAS
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  1. Bertola, Giuseppe & Rogerson, Richard, 1997. "Institutions and labor reallocation," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 41(6), pages 1147-1171, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  2. Ricardo J. Caballero & Mohamad L. Hammour, 2000. "Institutions, Restructuring, and Macroeconomic Performance," NBER Working Papers 7720, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  3. Vodopivec, MIlan, 1993. "Determination of Earnings in Yugoslav Firms: Can It Be Squared with Labor Management?," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 41(3), pages 623-32, April.
  4. Mortensen, Dale T. & Pissarides, Christopher A., 1999. "New developments in models of search in the labor market," Handbook of Labor Economics, in: O. Ashenfelter & D. Card (ed.), Handbook of Labor Economics, edition 1, volume 3, chapter 39, pages 2567-2627 Elsevier. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  5. Katz, Lawrence F. & Autor, David H., 1999. "Changes in the wage structure and earnings inequality," Handbook of Labor Economics, in: O. Ashenfelter & D. Card (ed.), Handbook of Labor Economics, edition 1, volume 3, chapter 26, pages 1463-1555 Elsevier. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Bilsen, Valentijn & Konings, Jozef, 1998. "Job Creation, Job Destruction, and Growth of Newly Established, Privatized, and State-Owned Enterprises in Transition Economies: Survey Evidence from Bulgaria, Hungary, and Romania," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 26(3), pages 429-445, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  7. Orazem, Peter F. & Vodopivec, Milan, 1994. "Winners and losers in transition : returns to education, experience, and gender in Slovenia," Policy Research Working Paper Series 1342, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  8. Davis, Steven J. & Haltiwanger, John, 1999. "Gross job flows," Handbook of Labor Economics, in: O. Ashenfelter & D. Card (ed.), Handbook of Labor Economics, edition 1, volume 3, chapter 41, pages 2711-2805 Elsevier. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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Cited by:
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  1. J. David Brown & John Earle, 2004. "Economic Reforms and Productivity-Enhancing Reallocation in the Post-Soviet Transition," CERT Discussion Papers 0404, Centre for Economic Reform and Transformation, Heriot Watt University. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  2. Gielen, Anne & van Ours, Jan C, 2006. "Why Do Worker-Firm Matches Dissolve?," CEPR Discussion Papers 5739, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  3. De Loecker, Jan & Konings, Jozef, 2004. "Creative Destruction and Productivity Growth in an Emerging Economy: Evidence from Slovenian Manufacturing," CEPR Discussion Papers 4238, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  4. Pascal Hetze, 2006. "Bridging the Technology-Gap in Economic Transition, the J-curve of Growth and Unemployment," Thuenen-Series of Applied Economic Theory 66, University of Rostock, Institute of Economics, Germany. [Downloadable!]
  5. Naerico Filho & Marc-Andreas Muendler & Garey Ramey, 2006. "The Structure of Worker Compensation in Brazil, With a Comparison to France and the United States," University of California at San Diego, Economics Working Paper Series 2005-01R2, Department of Economics, UC San Diego. [Downloadable!]
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  6. Pekka Ilmakunnas & Mika Maliranta, 2005. "Worker inflow, outflow, and churning," Applied Economics, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 37(10), pages 1115-1133, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  7. Menezes Filho, N. A. & Menezes Filho, N. A., 2007. "The Structure of Worker Compensation in Brazil, With a Comparison to France and the United States," Ibmec Working Papers wpe_76, Ibmec Working Paper, Ibmec São Paulo. [Downloadable!]
  8. Jozef Konings & Olga Kupets & Hartmut Lehmann, 2003. "Gross Job Flows in Ukraine: Size, Ownership and Trade Effects," William Davidson Institute Working Papers Series 550, William Davidson Institute at the University of Michigan Stephen M. Ross Business School. [Downloadable!]
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  9. Haltiwanger, John & Scarpetta, Stefano & Schweiger, Helena, 2006. "Assessing job flows across countries : the role of industry, firm size, and regulations," Policy Research Working Paper Series 4070, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
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  10. Atanas Christev & Olga Kupets & Hartmut Lehmann, 2005. "Trade Liberalisation and Employment Effects in Ukraine," CERT Discussion Papers 0506, Centre for Economic Reform and Transformation, Heriot Watt University. [Downloadable!]
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  11. Maida Agata & Devicienti Francesco & Sestito Paolo, 2005. "Downward wage rigidity in Italy: micro-based measures and implications," Department of Economics Working Papers 200503, University of Turin. [Downloadable!]
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  12. Nathaniel John Porter, 2004. "Wage Compression, Employment Restrictions and Unemployment: The Case of Mauritius," IMF Working Papers 04/205, International Monetary Fund. [Downloadable!]
  13. Naercio Filhoz & Marc-Andreas Muendler & Garey Ramey, 2005. "The Structure of Worker Compensation in Brazil, With a Comparison to France and the United States¤," University of California at San Diego, Economics Working Paper Series 2005-01R, Department of Economics, UC San Diego. [Downloadable!]
  14. Vodopivec, Milan, 2004. "A Simulation of an Income Contingent Tuition Scheme in a Transition Economy," IZA Discussion Papers 1247, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
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