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Rendimiento Escolar y Premios por Desempeño. La Experiencia Latinoamericana (Scholastic performance and performance awards)

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Author Info
Alejandra Mizala
Pilar Romaguera ()
Abstract

El objetivo de este trabajo es discutir analítica y metodológicamente la evaluación del desempeño y la introducción de incentivos en educación en América Latina. Los incentivos permiten remunerar más adecuadamente a los docentes y por esa vía motivar una mejora en su desempeño y por ende en la calidad de la educación que se imparte. Asimismo, la evaluación del desempeño y la entrega de incentivos están asociados con una mejora en la información disponible y el fortalecimiento de la rendición de cuentas en el sistema educacional. Los distintos casos analizados permiten concluir que los esquemas de evaluaciones a nivel de establecimientos escolares y premios colectivos son aquellas que se adaptan mejor a las características de proceso educativo y potencian elementos vitales en este proceso como el trabajo en equipo. Las evaluaciones individuales presentan mayores dificultades. Asimismo, se concluye que es necesario incluir con más fuerza en las evaluaciones los resultados educativos, que es finalmente lo que se busca mejorar. Una parte significativa de los sistemas de incentivos actualmente aplicados enfatizan insumos educativos, y en algunos casos principalmente el cumplimiento de normas. En la medida que los factores considerados en la evaluación del desempeño no estén altamente correlacionados con el logro educativo, los incentivos se desvanecen. De allí la importancia de enfatizar los resultados y de asegurarse que si se incluyen indicadores de insumos y procesos éstos estén alineados con el logro educativo.

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Paper provided by Centro de Economía Aplicada, Universidad de Chile in its series Documentos de Trabajo with number 157.

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Date of creation: 2003
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Handle: RePEc:edj:ceauch:157

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References listed on IDEAS
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  1. Kenneth Y. Chay & Patrick J. McEwan & Miguel Urquiola, 2003. "The Central Role of Noise in Evaluating Interventions that Use Test Scores to Rank Schools," NBER Working Papers 10118, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  2. Victor Lavy, 2002. "Evaluating the Effect of Teachers' Group Performance Incentives on Pupil Achievement," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 110(6), pages 1286-1317, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Richards, Craig E. & Sheu, Tian Ming, 1992. "The South Carolina school incentive reward program: A policy analysis," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 11(1), pages 71-86, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Alejandra Mizala & Pilar Romaguera, 2002. "Equity and Educational Performance," Documentos de Trabajo 136, Centro de Economía Aplicada, Universidad de Chile. [Downloadable!]
  5. William D. Savedoff, 1997. "Social Services Viewed Through New Lenses: Agency Problems in Education and Health in Latin America," RES Working Papers 3017, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department. [Downloadable!]
  6. Ladd, Helen F., 1999. "The Dallas school accountability and incentive program: an evaluation of its impacts on student outcomes," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 18(1), pages 1-16, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  7. Thomas J. Kane & Douglas O. Staiger, 2002. "The Promise and Pitfalls of Using Imprecise School Accountability Measures," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 16(4), pages 91-114, Fall. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  8. Eric A. Hanushek & Margaret E. Raymond, 2002. "Improving educational quality: how best to evaluate our schools," Conference Series ; [Proceedings], Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, issue Jun, pages 193-247. [Downloadable!]
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