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Los costos no laborales y el mercado laboral : impacto de la reforma de salud en Colombia

Author

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  • Mauricio Santa María S.
  • Fabián García A.
  • Ana Virgina Mujica P.

Abstract

El documento analiza el impacto que la reforma a la seguridad social en Colombia (Ley 100 de 1993) ha tenido sobre el mercado laboral. Utilizando series de tiempo (a través de métodos de cointegración y de regresiones iterativas, entre otros) se encuentra que el incremento de 14 puntos porcentuales en los costos no salariales, en un escenario donde la protección social se financia a través de impuestos a la nómina, ha generado una profunda segmentación del mercado laboral. Esta situación debe entenderse como la coexistencia de dos mercados laborales, uno asalariado y otro cuenta propia, que actúan como sustitutos el uno del otro. Por tanto, la reforma ha promovido la creación de empleos cuenta propia e informalidad, pues los trabajadores buscan emplearse en sectores donde pueden evadir estos pagos, mientras que las firmas se han visto desincentivadas a crear empleos formales. Este proceso ha sido particularmente nocivo para la población menos educada y más vulnerable, limitando así la generación de ingresos sostenibles y la superación de la pobreza.

Suggested Citation

  • Mauricio Santa María S. & Fabián García A. & Ana Virgina Mujica P., 2009. "Los costos no laborales y el mercado laboral : impacto de la reforma de salud en Colombia," Working Papers Series. Documentos de Trabajo 9186, Fedesarrollo.
    • Handle: RePEc:col:000123:009186
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    Cited by:

    1. Marcela Meléndez Arjona & Arturo Harker Roa, 2008. "Revisiting economic growth in Colombia. A microeconomic perspective," Working Papers Series. Documentos de Trabajo 9137, Fedesarrollo.
    2. Jorge Andrés Tamayo Castaño, 2012. "Asimetrías en la demanda por trabajo en Colombia: el papel del ciclo económico," Borradores de Economia 9286, Banco de la Republica.
    3. Gaurav Khanna & Carlos Medina & Anant Nyshadham & Jorge Tamayo & Nicolas Torres, 2023. "Formal Employment and Organised Crime: Regression Discontinuity Evidence from Colombia," The Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 133(654), pages 2427-2448.
    4. Jorge Andrés Tamayo Castaño, 2012. "Asimetrías en la demanda por trabajo en Colombia: el papel del ciclo económico," Borradores de Economia 689, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    5. Rafael Gómez R. & Mauricio Olivera & Mario A. Velasco R., 2009. "Implementing a subnational results-oriented management and budgeting system. Lessons from Medellín, Colombia," Working Papers Series. Documentos de Trabajo 9074, Fedesarrollo.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Costos no salariales; segmentación del mercado laboral; informalidad;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J23 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Demand
    • J32 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits; Retirement Plans; Private Pensions
    • J30 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - General

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