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The Informational Content of Over-the-Counter Currency Options

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Peter Christoffersen ()
Stefano Mazzotta

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Abstract

Policy makers and market participants often consider the forward-looking information in currency option valuations when making assessments about future developments in foreign exchange rates. Option implied volatilities can be used as forecasts of realized volatility and interval and density forecasts can be extracted from strangles and risk-reversals. The purpose of this paper is to assess the quality of such volatility, interval and density forecasts. We analyze option-based forecasts from a unique dataset consisting of over 10 years of daily data on over-the-counter (OTC) currency option prices. We find that the OTC implied volatilities explain a much larger share of the variation in realized volatility than has been found previously in studies relying on market-traded options. We also find that wide-range interval forecasts are often misspecified whereas narrow-range interval forecasts are well specified. Finally, we find that the option-based density forecasts are rejected in general. Graphical inspection of the density forecasts suggests that while the sources of rejections vary from currency to currency misspecification of the distribution tails is a common source of error.

Les dirigeants et les participants du marché examinent souvent l'information prévisionnelle des options sur devises lorsqu'ils produisent des estimations quant aux développements futurs des taux de change étrangers. Les volatilités implicites des options peuvent être employées comme prévisions de la volatilité réalisée et les prévisions d'intervalles et de densités peuvent être extraites à partir de stellages (strangles) et de cylindres (risk-reversals). Le but de cet article est d'évaluer la qualité de telles prévisions des volatilités, intervalles et densités. Nous analysons des prévisions basées sur les options à partir d'une base de données unique comprenant 10 ans de données quotidiennes sur des prix d'options sur devises hors cote (OTC). Nous constatons que les volatilités implicites du marché hors cote expliquent une part beaucoup plus importante de la variation de la volatilité réalisée que celle qui a été mise en évidence précédemment dans les études basées sur des options transigées sur les marchés cotés. Nous constatons également que les prévisions d'intervalles de grande amplitude sont souvent mal spécifiées tandis que des prévisions d'intervalles de faible amplitude sont bien caractérisées. De plus, nous constatons que les prévisions de densité basées sur les options sont en général rejetées. L'étude graphique des prévisions de densité suggère que bien que les sources de rejets varient avec la devise, la spécification erronée des queues de distribution est une source d'erreur commune.

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Paper provided by CIRANO in its series CIRANO Working Papers with number 2004s-16.

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Date of creation: 01 Apr 2004
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Handle: RePEc:cir:cirwor:2004s-16

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Keywords: Foreign exchange; volatility; interval; density; forecastings; devises; volatilité; intervalle; densité; prévisions;

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  3. Christopher J. Neely, 2004. "Forecasting foreign exchange volatility: why is implied volatility biased and inefficient? and does it matter?," Working Papers 2002-017, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. [Downloadable!]
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  4. Blair, Bevan J. & Poon, Ser-Huang & Taylor, Stephen J., 2001. "Forecasting S&P 100 volatility: the incremental information content of implied volatilities and high-frequency index returns," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 105(1), pages 5-26, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  13. Federico Bandi & Benoit Perron, 2003. "Long memory and the relation between implied and realized volatility," Econometrics 0305004, EconWPA. [Downloadable!]
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  14. ANDERSEN, Torben G. & BOLLERSLEV, Tim & MEDDAHI, Nour, 2002. "Correcting the Errors : A Note on Volatility Forecast Evaluation Based on High-Frequency Data and Realized Volatilities," Cahiers de recherche 2002-21, Universite de Montreal, Departement de sciences economiques. [Downloadable!]
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  15. Torben G. Andersen & Tim Bollerslev & Francis X. Diebold & Paul Labys, 2003. "Modeling and Forecasting Realized Volatility," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 71(2), pages 579-625, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  16. Berkowitz, Jeremy, 2001. "Testing Density Forecasts, with Applications to Risk Management," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 19(4), pages 465-74, October.
  17. Lamoureux, Christopher G & Lastrapes, William D, 1993. "Forecasting Stock-Return Variance: Toward an Understanding of Stochastic Implied Volatilities," Review of Financial Studies, Oxford University Press for Society for Financial Studies, vol. 6(2), pages 293-326. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  1. Markus Haas & Stefan Mittnik & Bruce Mizrach, 2004. "Assessing Central Bank Credibility During the EMS Crises: Comparing Option and Spot Market-Based Forecasts," Departmental Working Papers 200424, Rutgers University, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
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