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Migrant Remittances, Human Capital Formation and Job Creation Externalities in Colombia

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Author Info
Maurice Kugler ()

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Abstract

In this paper we model the effect of migrant remittances on job creation and human capital formation, given migration prospects. Model calibration of deep parameters was performed with data from the AMCO survey on migration and remittances. The simulations based on the model show that remittances can have offsetting effects on equilibrium human capital and labor market out- comes in the country of origin of migrants. First, remittances enhance school- ing opportunities for recipient households, and human capital formation can be augmented. Second, an increase in human capital supply by recipient house- holds induces job creation as labor demand increases in the origin country. If a sufficiently large share of remittance recipients do not migrate, then the net effect is brain gain rather than brain drain ensuing remittances. The job cre- ation spillover in local labor markets increases the rate of return to schooling for nonrecipient households, whose members are less likely to migrate. As a result, there are more incentives to substitute consumption for human capital investment. At the same time, the rise in expected income due to the spillover induces higher desired consumption. If the “substitution effect” outweighs the “income effect”, then remittances will increase overall human capital and re- duce the unemployment rate. The calibration and simulation analyses suggest that he net effect of remittances depends upon the accessibility of education and the degree and labor market frictions in the origin country as well as the immigration policy in the destination country of migrants.

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Paper provided by Banco de la Republica de Colombia in its series Borradores de Economia with number 370.

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Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:370

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Related research
Keywords: Migrant remittances; education; brain gain; job creation;

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
F22 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Migration
F36 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration
O11 - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
J69 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies - - - Other

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    Other versions:
  2. Barro, Robert J & Lee, Jong Wha, 1996. "International Measures of Schooling Years and Schooling Quality," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 86(2), pages 218-23, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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    Other versions:
  5. Kong-Pin Chen & Shin-Hwan Chiang & Siu Fai Leung, 2003. "Migration, Family, and Risk Diversification," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 21(2), pages 323-352, April. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  6. Eduardo Lora, 2001. "Structural reforms in Latin America: What has been reformed and how to measure it?," RES Working Papers 4287, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  7. Ira N. Gang & Thomas Bauer & Gil S. Epstein, 2002. "Herd Effects or Migration Networks? The Location Choice of Mexican Immigrants in the U.S," Departmental Working Papers 200216, Rutgers University, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
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  16. Manon Domingues Dos Santos & Fabien Postel-Vinay, 2003. "Migration as a source of growth: The perspective of a developing country," Journal of Population Economics, Springer, vol. 16(1), pages 161-175, 02. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  20. McCormick, Barry & Wahba, Jackline, 2000. "Overseas Employment and Remittances to a Dual Economy," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 110(463), pages 509-34, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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    Other versions:
  22. Ralph Chami & Samir Jahjah & Connel Fullenkamp, 2003. "Are Immigrant Remittance Flows a Source of Capital for Development," IMF Working Papers 03/189, International Monetary Fund. [Downloadable!]
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    Other versions:
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