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The effects of external migration on enrolments, accumulated schooling and dropouts in Punjab

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  • Rabia Arif
  • Azam Chaudhry

Abstract

External migration in developing countries can relax household income constraints because of external remittances. This paper looks at whether the external migration of individuals in a household has a positive effect on schooling outcomes of children as measured by school enrolments, accumulated level of schooling, number of days spent in school and dropouts in Punjab. Historic migration rates were used to instrument for migration in an analysis of school outcomes for children of different ages to see which group has been most affected by external migration. The results show a significantly positive impact of external migration on the enrolments of younger children, whereas, the accumulated level of schooling for older children increases significantly if there is an external migrant in the household.

Suggested Citation

  • Rabia Arif & Azam Chaudhry, 2015. "The effects of external migration on enrolments, accumulated schooling and dropouts in Punjab," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 47(16), pages 1607-1632, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:applec:v:47:y:2015:i:16:p:1607-1632
    DOI: 10.1080/00036846.2014.1000518
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Maurice Kugler, 2006. "Migrant Remittances, Human Capital Formation and Job Creation Externalities in Colombia," Borradores de Economia 370, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
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    Cited by:

    1. Rabia Arif & Theresa Thompson Chaudhry & Azam Amjad Chaudhry, 2023. "Emigration’s Heterogeneous Impact on Children’s Wellbeing in Punjab, Pakistan," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 16(3), pages 1251-1295, June.
    2. Nida Jamil, 2017. "The Impact of Remittances Versus Parental Absence on Children’s Wellbeing: Evidence from Rural Punjab," Lahore Journal of Economics, Department of Economics, The Lahore School of Economics, vol. 22(2), pages 1-37, July-Dec.
    3. Farrukh, Muhammad Umar & Bashir, Muhammad Khalid & Rola-Rubzen, Maria Fay & Ahmad, Ashfaq, 2022. "Dynamic effects of urbanization, governance, and worker's remittance on multidimensional food security: An application of a broad-spectrum approach," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    4. repec:lje:journl:v:19:y:2015:i:1:p:47-69 is not listed on IDEAS
    5. Yumna Hasan & Waqar Wadho, 2020. "Unskilled Migration, Child labor and Human Capital Accumulation of Children in the Presence of Parental Absenteeism," Lahore Journal of Economics, Department of Economics, The Lahore School of Economics, vol. 25(2), pages 119-138, July-Dec.
    6. Sami Ullah Khan & Muhammad Jehangir Khan, 2016. "The Impact of Remittances on Child Education in Pakistan," Lahore Journal of Economics, Department of Economics, The Lahore School of Economics, vol. 21(1), pages 69-98, Jan-June.
    7. Masood Sarwar Awan & Mohsin Javed & Muhammad Waqas, 2015. "Migration, Remittances, and Household Welfare: Evidence from Pakistan," Lahore Journal of Economics, Department of Economics, The Lahore School of Economics, vol. 20(1), pages 47-69, Jan-June.
    8. Rafi Amir-ud-Din & Hafiz Zahid Mahmood & Faisal Abbas & Verda Salman & Sameen Zafar, 2022. "Leaving studies because of lack of interest: an analysis of the risk factors of school dropouts in Pakistan," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 56(5), pages 3189-3214, October.

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