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Outlook vs. Futures: Three Decades of Evidence in Hog and Cattle Markets

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Author Info
Colino, Evelyn V.
Irwin, Scott H.

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Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the accuracy of outlook forecasts relative to futures prices in hog and cattle markets. Published forecasts from four prominent livestock outlook programs are available for analysis. Most of the series begin in the mid- to late-1970s and end in 2006. Root mean squared error (RMSE) comparisons indicate, with one exception, no meaningful differences in forecast accuracy between outlook forecasts and futures prices. The null hypothesis that futures prices encompass outlook forecasts is rejected in 9 of 11 cases for hogs and 7 of 8 cases for cattle, clearly indicating that outlook forecasts provide incremental information not contained in futures prices. The magnitude of decline in RMSE from combining outlook forecasts and futures prices is non-trivial in almost all cases. The reduction in RMSE for composite forecasts averages -6.3% and -9.0% in hogs and cattle, respectively. Overall, the results of this study provide compelling evidence of the substantial economic value of public outlook programs in cattle and hogs.

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Publisher Info
Paper provided by NCCC-134 Conference on Applied Commodity Price Analysis, Forecasting, and Market Risk Management in its series 2007 Conference, April 16-17, 2007, Chicago, Illinois with number 37577.

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Date of creation: Apr 2007
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Handle: RePEc:ags:nccsci:37577

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Related research
Keywords: cattle; encompassing; forecast; futures price; hogs; outlook; RMSE;

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References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
  1. Hoffman, Linwood, 2004. "Using Futures Prices To Forecast The Season-Average U.S. Corn Prices," 2004 Conference, April 19-20, 2004, St. Louis, Missouri 19020, NCR-134 Conference on Applied Commodity Price Analysis, Forecasting, and Market Risk Management. [Downloadable!]
  2. Lawrence, John D. & Grimes, Glenn, 2007. "Production and Marketing Characteristics of U.S. Pork Producers, 2006," Staff General Research Papers 12828, Iowa State University, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
  3. Dwight R. Sanders & Mark R. Manfredo, 2005. "Forecast Encompassing as the Necessary Condition to Reject Futures Market Efficiency: Fluid Milk Futures," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, American Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 87(3), pages 610-620, 08. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Harvey, David & Leybourne, Stephen & Newbold, Paul, 1997. "Testing the equality of prediction mean squared errors," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 13(2), pages 281-291, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  5. Kastens, Terry L. & Jones, Rodney & Schroeder, Ted C., 1998. "Futures-Based Price Forecasts For Agricultural Producers And Businesses," Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Western Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 23(01), July. [Downloadable!]
  6. Ashley, Richard, 2003. "Statistically significant forecasting improvements: how much out-of-sample data is likely necessary?," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 19(2), pages 229-239. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. Chakriya Bowman & Aasim M. Husain, 2004. "Forecasting Commodity Prices: Futures Versus Judgment," IMF Working Papers 04/41, International Monetary Fund.
  8. Granger, C W J & Newbold, P, 1973. "Some Comments on the Evaluation of Economic Forecasts," Applied Economics, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 5(1), pages 35-47, March.
  9. Harvey, David I & Leybourne, Stephen J & Newbold, Paul, 1998. "Tests for Forecast Encompassing," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 16(2), pages 254-59, April.
  10. Bessler, David A. & Brandt, Jon A., 1992. "An analysis of forecasts of livestock prices," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 18(2), pages 249-263, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  11. Dr. Peter Kenning & Hilke Plassmann, 2004. "NeuroEconomics," Experimental 0412005, EconWPA. [Downloadable!]
  12. Diebold, Francis X & Mariano, Roberto S, 1995. "Comparing Predictive Accuracy," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 13(3), pages 253-63, July.
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  13. Sanders, Dwight R. & Manfredo, Mark R., 2003. "USDA Livestock Price Forecasts: A Comprehensive Evaluation," Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Western Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 28(02), August. [Downloadable!]
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  1. Colino, Evelyn V. & Irwin, Scott H. & Garcia, Philip, 2008. "How Much Can Outlook Forecasts be Improved? An Application to the U.S. Hog Market," 2008 Conference, April 21-22, 2008, St. Louis, Missouri 37620, NCCC-134 Conference on Applied Commodity Price Analysis, Forecasting, and Market Risk Management. [Downloadable!]
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