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Modelling the composition of household portfolios: A latent class approach

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  • Raslan Alzuabi
  • Sarah Brown
  • Mark N. Harris
  • Karl Taylor

Abstract

We explore portfolio allocation in Great Britain by introducing a latent class modelling approach using household panel data based on a nationally representative sample of the population, namely the Wealth and Assets Survey. The latent class aspect of the model splits households into four groups, from lowest‐wealth and least‐diversified through to highest‐wealth and most‐diversified, which serves to unveil a more detailed picture of the determinants of portfolio diversification than existing econometric approaches. A pattern of class heterogeneity is revealed that conventional econometric models are unable to identify because the statistical significance and the direction of the effect of some explanatory variables vary across the groups. For example, the effect of labour income on the number of financial assets held influences the level of diversification for the two middle classes, whereas no effect is found for households with the lowest or the highest levels of diversification. Noticeable differences in the magnitude of the effects of pension wealth and occupation are also revealed across the four classes. Such findings demonstrate the importance of accounting for latent heterogeneity when modelling financial behaviour. Ultimately, treating the population as a single homogeneous group may lead to biased parameter estimates, whereby policy based on such models could be inappropriate or erroneous. Modélisation de la composition des portefeuilles des ménages : analyse des classes latentes. Nous étudions la répartition du portefeuille en Grande‐Bretagne à travers le prisme de la modélisation en classes latentes en utilisant des données longitudinales des ménages d'un échantillon représentatif de la population nationale (fourni par le Wealth and Assets Survey). Le modèle en classes latentes divise les ménages en quatre groupes, selon la richesse et la diversification de leur portefeuille, des moins riches et moins diversifiés aux plus riches et plus diversifiés, et peint un portrait plus détaillé des déterminants de la diversification du portefeuille que les approches conventionnelles. On dégage un schéma hétérogène selon la classe que les modèles économétriques classiques ne sauraient révéler, car la signification statistique et la direction de l'effet de certaines variables explicatives varient d'un groupe à l'autre. Par exemple, l'effet du revenu de travail sur le nombre d'actifs financiers détenus influence le degré de diversification des deux classes moyennes, mais pas celui des ménages au portefeuille le moins ou le plus diversifié. On relève des différences évidentes dans l'ampleur des effets des avoirs de pension et de la profession entre les quatre classes. Ces constats soulignent l'importance de tenir compte de l'hétérogénéité latente à la modélisation du comportement financier; considérer la population comme un seul groupe homogène peut biaiser les estimations paramétriques, invalidant possiblement les politiques fondées sur de tels modèles.

Suggested Citation

  • Raslan Alzuabi & Sarah Brown & Mark N. Harris & Karl Taylor, 2024. "Modelling the composition of household portfolios: A latent class approach," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 57(1), pages 243-275, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:57:y:2024:i:1:p:243-275
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12691
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    JEL classification:

    • D14 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Household Saving; Personal Finance
    • G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
    • G40 - Financial Economics - - Behavioral Finance - - - General

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