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Analyse de l’effet des règles d’obtention d’un permis de conduire au Québec (1991) sur la sécurité routière

Author

Listed:
  • Dionne, Georges

    (Chaire de gestion des risques, École des Hautes Études Commerciales)

  • Laberge-Nadeau, Claire

    (Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université de Montréal)

  • Maag, Urs

    (Département de mathématiques et de statistique, Université de Montréal)

  • Desjardins, Denise

    (Laboratoire sur la sécurité des transports, Université de Montréal)

  • Messier, Stéphane

    (Laboratoire sur la sécurité des transports, Université de Montréal)

Abstract

Road safety regulation has been the object of many studies. Its main motivation is related to externalities between individuals (drivers, pedestrians) that cannot be priced directly in different private markets. The object of this research is to evaluate the effects of the change in the regulation (Quebec 1991) on access to the driving permit on crash rates. It is not always evident that a regulation change will affect the equilibrium level of safety in a given society. We found that the 1991 reform had no significant effect on crash rates, be it for all new drivers, male drivers, female drivers, or any age group taken separately. However, there is an age effect on accidents. New drivers, male and female who are at least 20 years old, are at a lower risk than those 16 years old when obtaining the permit. Male drivers who are 17 or 18-19 years old have similar risks as the 16 year old. These differences between age groups show a great heterogeneity among the new drivers even in their first year, but the 1991 regulation treated all new drivers uniformly. We have also investigated the effect of experience during the first year on crash rates. Average rates for the first three months for women and for the first four months for men are higher than the rates for the subsequent months. La réglementation de la sécurité routière a été l’objet de plusieurs études. Sa principale motivation est reliée aux externalités que certains conducteurs peuvent générer à d’autres individus (conducteurs, piétons) et qui ne peuvent être tarifées directement par différents marchés privés. L’objectif de notre recherche est d’évaluer l’effet des règles d’obtention d’un permis de conduire au Québec (1991) sur les taux d’accidents des nouveaux conducteurs. Il n’est pas toujours évident qu’un changement de réglementation affectera le niveau d’équilibre de prévention routière dans une société. Dans cette recherche, nous vérifions que l’effet de la réforme n’est pas significatif sur les taux d’accidents et ce, ni pour l’ensemble des nouveaux conducteurs, ni pour l’ensemble des nouvelles conductrices, et ni pour chaque groupe d’âge analysé séparément. Par contre, il y a clairement des effets d’âge sur les taux d’accidents. Les nouveaux conducteurs comme les nouvelles conductrices âgés de 20 ans et plus, sont moins à risque d’avoir un accident que ceux et celles âgés de 16 ans à l’obtention du permis. Les nouveaux conducteurs âgés de 17 ans et ceux âgés de 18-19 ans enregistrent des risques semblables aux 16 ans. Ces variations entre les groupes d’âges montrent une grande hétérogénéité des nouveaux conducteurs et conductrices même durant leur première année de conduite alors que la réglementation de 1991 des nouveaux conducteurs et conductrices les considérait comme homogènes. Nous avons également vérifié si l’expérience accumulée durant la première année affecte les taux d’accidents. Nous obtenons que les taux moyens d’accidents observés durant les trois premiers mois chez les femmes et les quatre premiers mois chez les hommes, sont plus élevés que ceux des périodes subséquentes de 30 jours.

Suggested Citation

  • Dionne, Georges & Laberge-Nadeau, Claire & Maag, Urs & Desjardins, Denise & Messier, Stéphane, 1999. "Analyse de l’effet des règles d’obtention d’un permis de conduire au Québec (1991) sur la sécurité routière," L'Actualité Economique, Société Canadienne de Science Economique, vol. 75(1), pages 269-332, mars-juin.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:actuec:v:75:y:1999:i:1:p:269-332
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Boyer, Marcel & Dionne, Georges, 1987. "The economics of road safety," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 21(5), pages 413-431, October.
    2. Dionne, G & Vanasse, C, 1992. "Automobile Insurance Ratemaking in the Presence of Asymmetrical Information," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 7(2), pages 149-165, April-Jun.
    3. Laberge-Nadeau, C. & Maag, U. & Desjardin, D. & Vanasse, C. & Dionne, G. & Okoe, J.M., 1995. "Medical Condition and Severity of Commercial Motor Vehicule (CMV) Drivers' Road Accidents," Papers 9515, Paris X - Nanterre, U.F.R. de Sc. Ec. Gest. Maths Infor..
    4. Dionne, G. & Desjardins, D. & Laberge-Nadeau, C. & Maag, U., 1993. "Medical Conditions, Risk Exposure and Truck Drivers's Accidents: An Analysis with Count Data Regression Models," Cahiers de recherche 9321, Centre interuniversitaire de recherche en économie quantitative, CIREQ.
    5. Gourieroux, Christian & Monfort, Alain & Trognon, Alain, 1984. "Pseudo Maximum Likelihood Methods: Applications to Poisson Models," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 52(3), pages 701-720, May.
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • R41 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Transportation Economics - - - Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion; Travel Time; Safety and Accidents; Transportation Noise
    • R48 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Transportation Economics - - - Government Pricing and Policy

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