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Un cas particulier de discrimination sur le marché du travail : l'accès aux emplois en contact avec le public

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  • Morgane Laouénan

Abstract

[fre] À caractéristiques socio-démographiques données, les actifs d’origine étrangère ont des taux d’emploi en contact avec la clientèle plus faibles que ceux dont les deux parents sont originaires de métropole. Cette étude examine les sources de cette sous-représentation. Quatre explications sont envisagées : (i) ces individus n’ont pas les compétences requises pour occuper des emplois qui demandent une bonne connaissance de la langue française ; (ii) ils ne souhaitent pas occuper ces emplois qui impliquent une relation directe avec les clients ; (iii) ils travaillent dans des secteurs qui ont en général peu d’emplois en contact avec le public ; (iv) ils sont discriminés dans ce type d’emplois. Dans ce dernier cas, la discrimination n’émane pas nécessairement de l’employeur. Celui-ci pourrait se borner à répercuter ce qu’il pense être les préjugés ethniques de sa clientèle. On teste ces différentes explications de manière indirecte. La plus faible maîtrise de la langue explique sans doute une bonne part de la forte sous-représentation des immigrés de première génération. Mais, si elle était seule en cause, cette sous-représentation s’observerait dans le privé comme dans le public, elle décroîtrait avec l’ancienneté de l’arrivée et elle disparaîtrait à la seconde génération. Or elle ne concerne que le secteur privé, elle est comparable entre individus d’arrivées plus ou moins récentes et elle reste en partie présente à la seconde génération. Les écarts ne semblent pas non plus attribuables aux réticences des personnes concernées vis-à-vis de ce type de profession puisqu’elles choisissent souvent ce genre d’emploi lorsqu’elles sont indépendantes. Enfin, la sous-représentation subsiste même après un contrôle précis du groupe de professions. L’hypothèse d’une discrimination spécifique . sur ce type d’emploi ne peut donc être écartée, même si elle concerne surtout la première génération de migrants et semble s’estomper avec le temps.

Suggested Citation

  • Morgane Laouénan, 2013. "Un cas particulier de discrimination sur le marché du travail : l'accès aux emplois en contact avec le public," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 464(1), pages 35-58.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_2013_num_464_1_10228
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.2013.10228
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.2013.10228
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    References listed on IDEAS

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