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Exchange rate and balance of payment crisis risks in the global development finance architecture

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  • Schclarek, Alfredo
  • Xu, Jiajun

Abstract

We analyze exchange rate and balance of payment crisis constraints when multilateral development banks (MDBs) lend, in hard currency, to national development banks (NDBs), for NDBs to onlend to investment projects. Investment projects may be “export-enhancing” (EXIPs), which generate hard currency, or “domestic-oriented” (DOIPs), which do not generate hard currency. To increase the proportion of onlending to DOIPs, MDBs should increase their refinancing to NDBs. Furthermore, MDBs have to reduce the interest rate charged on NDBs. In addition, high return EXIPs need to be financed, and more locally-produced supplies, in contrast with imported supplies, should be fostered.

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  • Schclarek, Alfredo & Xu, Jiajun, 2022. "Exchange rate and balance of payment crisis risks in the global development finance architecture," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:intfin:v:79:y:2022:i:c:s1042443122000580
    DOI: 10.1016/j.intfin.2022.101574
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    Cited by:

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    2. Alfredo Schclarek & Jiajun Xu & Jianye Yan, 2023. "The maturity‐lengthening role of national development banks," International Review of Finance, International Review of Finance Ltd., vol. 23(1), pages 130-157, March.
    3. McHugh, Christopher A., 2023. "Competitive conditions in development finance," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    4. Schclarek, Alfredo & Xu, Jiajun & Amuchastegui, Pedro, 2022. "Panda bond financing of the Belt and Road Initiative: An analysis of monetary mechanisms and financial risks," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
    5. Shenzhe Jiang & Junjie Xia & Jiajun Xu & Jianye Yan, 2023. "A theory of National Development Bank: long-term investment and the agency problem," Economic Theory, Springer;Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET), vol. 76(3), pages 995-1024, October.
    6. Gong, Di & Xu, Jiajun & Yan, Jianye, 2023. "National development banks and loan contract terms: Evidence from syndicated loans," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 130(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Exchange rate risk; Balance of payment crisis risk; Development banks; Export-enhancing; Refinancing;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G01 - Financial Economics - - General - - - Financial Crises
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • H81 - Public Economics - - Miscellaneous Issues - - - Governmental Loans; Loan Guarantees; Credits; Grants; Bailouts
    • E51 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers
    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy

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