IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/riibaf/v61y2022ics0275531922000502.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Panda bond financing of the Belt and Road Initiative: An analysis of monetary mechanisms and financial risks

Author

Listed:
  • Schclarek, Alfredo
  • Xu, Jiajun
  • Amuchastegui, Pedro

Abstract

We examine the role of China Development Bank (CDB) in the Panda bond financing of the Belt & Road Initiative (BRI). We investigate the monetary mechanisms and the financial risks involved in the Panda bond financing of the BRI, especially exchange rate risks and balance of payment crisis risks. Our main findings are that the CDB may reduce its financial risks by acting as an underwriter of the Panda bonds rather than as the direct financer, but it may also have to act as a dealer of last resort. To reduce the risks of both the exchange rate and balance of payment crisis of the Panda bonds, it is important that the real investment projects are export-enhancing for host countries (generate foreign currency) and that the construction and execution of the real investment projects uses local suppliers based in host countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Schclarek, Alfredo & Xu, Jiajun & Amuchastegui, Pedro, 2022. "Panda bond financing of the Belt and Road Initiative: An analysis of monetary mechanisms and financial risks," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:riibaf:v:61:y:2022:i:c:s0275531922000502
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ribaf.2022.101662
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0275531922000502
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.ribaf.2022.101662?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Horn, Sebastian & Reinhart, Carmen M. & Trebesch, Christoph, 2021. "China's overseas lending," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    2. Ostry, Jonathan D. & Ghosh, Atish R. & Chamon, Marcos & Qureshi, Mahvash S., 2012. "Tools for managing financial-stability risks from capital inflows," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 88(2), pages 407-421.
    3. Calabrese, Linda & Cao, Yue, 2021. "Managing the Belt and Road: Agency and development in Cambodia and Myanmar," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    4. Xiaoli Chen & Yin‐Wong Cheung, 2011. "Renminbi Going Global," China & World Economy, Institute of World Economics and Politics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, vol. 19(2), pages 1-18, March.
    5. Perry Mehrling, 2012. "Three Principles for Market-Based Credit Regulation," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 102(3), pages 107-112, May.
    6. Du, Julan & Zhang, Yifei, 2018. "Does One Belt One Road initiative promote Chinese overseas direct investment?," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 189-205.
    7. Li, Fengchun & Liang, Ting & Zhou, Xiang, 2021. "How does intellectual property protection in the host country affect outward foreign direct investment?," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
    8. Ullah, Subhan & Wang, Zheng & Stokes, Peter & Xiao, Wen, 2019. "Risk perceptions and risk management approaches of Chinese overseas investors: An empirical investigation," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 470-486.
    9. Cerutti, Eugenio & Claessens, Stijn & Laeven, Luc, 2017. "The use and effectiveness of macroprudential policies: New evidence," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 203-224.
    10. Fan Zhang & Miaojie Yu & Jiantuo Yu & Yang Jin, 2017. "The Effect of RMB Internationalization on Belt and Road Initiative: Evidence from Bilateral Swap Agreements," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 53(12), pages 2845-2857, December.
    11. Xu, Jiajun & Ru, Xinshun & Song, Pengcheng, 2021. "Can a new model of infrastructure financing mitigate credit rationing in poorly governed countries?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 111-120.
    12. Deborah Bräutigam & Kevin P. Gallagher, 2014. "Bartering Globalization: China's Commodity-backed Finance in Africa and Latin America," Global Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 5(3), pages 346-352, September.
    13. Alfredo Schclarek Curutchet & Mauricio Caggia, 2018. "Foreign Reserve Accumulation and The Increase in Bank Credit in Argentina between 2002 and 2007," Revista de Economía Política de Buenos Aires, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas., issue 17, pages 105-154, December.
    14. Brei, Michael & Schclarek, Alfredo, 2015. "A theoretical model of bank lending: Does ownership matter in times of crisis?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 298-307.
    15. Liu, Haiyun & Islam, Mollah Aminul & Khan, Muhammad Asif & Hossain, Md Ismail & Pervaiz, Khansa, 2020. "Does financial deepening attract foreign direct investment? Fresh evidence from panel threshold analysis," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    16. Michael Dunford & Weidong Liu, 2019. "Chinese perspectives on the Belt and Road Initiative," Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, Cambridge Political Economy Society, vol. 12(1), pages 145-167.
    17. Katrina Ellis & Roni Michaely & Maureen O'Hara, 2000. "When the Underwriter Is the Market Maker: An Examination of Trading in the IPO Aftermarket," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 55(3), pages 1039-1074, June.
    18. Schclarek, Alfredo & Xu, Jiajun, 2022. "Exchange rate and balance of payment crisis risks in the global development finance architecture," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    19. Yan Liang, 2020. "RMB Internationalization and Financing Belt-Road Initiative: An MMT Perspective," Chinese Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 53(4), pages 317-328, July.
    20. Gao, Bo & Li, Junjiang & Shi, Benye & Wang, Xiaojuan, 2020. "Internal conflict and Bank liquidity creation: Evidence from the belt and Road initiative," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    21. Yu, Linhui & Zhao, Dan & Niu, Haixia & Lu, Futao, 2020. "Does the belt and road initiative expand China's export potential to countries along the belt and road?," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    22. Mehrling, Perry, 2013. "Essential hybridity: A money view of FX," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 41(2), pages 355-363.
    23. Gande, Amar, et al, 1997. "Bank Underwriting of Debt Securities: Modern Evidence," Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 10(4), pages 1175-1202.
    24. Gallagher, Kevin P. & Kamal, Rohini & Jin, Junda & Chen, Yanning & Ma, Xinyue, 2018. "Energizing development finance? The benefits and risks of China's development finance in the global energy sector," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 313-321.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Ouyang, Shanshan & Li, Yanxi & Wu, Haowen & Zhao, Heng & Xu, Runxiang, 2023. "Structure and evolution of the greenfield FDI network along the belt and road," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Alfredo Schclarek & Jiajun Xu, 2021. "Panda Bond Financing of the Belt & Road Initiative: An Analysis of Monetary Mechanisms and Financial Risks," Asociación Argentina de Economía Política: Working Papers 4519, Asociación Argentina de Economía Política.
    2. Zhao, Hong & Li, Jiayi & Lei, Yiqing & Zhou, Mingming, 2022. "Risk spillover of banking across regions: Evidence from the belt and road countries," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    3. Nugent, Jeffrey B. & Lu, Jiaxuan, 2021. "China's outward foreign direct investment in the Belt and Road Initiative: What are the motives for Chinese firms to invest?," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    4. Alfredo SCHCLAREK & Jiajun XU, 2020. "Exchange rate and balance of payment risks in the global development finance architecture," Working Paper 15b03057-1f7f-44dc-93fa-5, Agence française de développement.
    5. Jing Yuan & Yajing Dong & Weijie Zhai & Zongwu Cai, 2021. "Economic Policy Uncertainty: Cross-Country Linkages and Spillover Effects on Economic Development in Some Belt and Road Countries," WORKING PAPERS SERIES IN THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ECONOMICS 202110, University of Kansas, Department of Economics, revised Nov 2021.
    6. Schclarek Curutchet Alfredo & Jiajun Xu, 2023. "Local Currency Loans in the Global Development Finance Architecture," Asociación Argentina de Economía Política: Working Papers 4692, Asociación Argentina de Economía Política.
    7. Alfredo Schclarek & Jiajun Xu & Jianye Yan, 2023. "The maturity‐lengthening role of national development banks," International Review of Finance, International Review of Finance Ltd., vol. 23(1), pages 130-157, March.
    8. Alfredo SCHCLAREK & Jiajun XU, 2020. "Risques de change et risque lié à la balance des paiements dans l’architecture mondiale du financement du développement," Working Paper 15b03057-1f7f-44dc-93fa-5, Agence française de développement.
    9. Schclarek, Alfredo & Xu, Jiajun, 2022. "Exchange rate and balance of payment crisis risks in the global development finance architecture," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    10. Gao, Bo & Li, Junjiang & Shi, Benye & Wang, Xiaojuan, 2020. "Internal conflict and Bank liquidity creation: Evidence from the belt and Road initiative," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    11. Norring, Anni, 2022. "Taming the tides of capital: Review of capital controls and macroprudential policy in emerging economies," BoF Economics Review 1/2022, Bank of Finland.
    12. Chunming Shen, 2022. "Digital RMB, RMB Internationalization and Sustainable Development of the International Monetary System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-22, May.
    13. Horn, Sebastian & Reinhart, Carmen M. & Trebesch, Christoph, 2021. "China's overseas lending," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    14. Tong, Tong & Chen, Xiaoyue & Singh, Tarlok & Li, Bin, 2022. "Corporate governance and the outward foreign direct investment: Firm-level evidence from China," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 962-980.
    15. Christian Friedrich & Pierre Guérin & Danilo Leiva-Leon, 2020. "Monetary Policy Independence and the Strength of the Global Financial Cycle," Staff Working Papers 20-25, Bank of Canada.
    16. Carlos Madeira, 2023. "The evolution of macroprudential policy use in Chile, Latin America and the OECD," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 24(3), pages 357-380, September.
    17. Jin, Guangzhu & Huang, Zhenhui, 2023. "Asymmetric influence of China's outward FDI and exports on trade-adjusted resources footprint in belt and road node countries: Moderating role of governance," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    18. CUHAL, Radu & STARIŢÎNA, Ludmila & SADOVEANU, Diana, 2015. "Modelling Approaches To Assess The Effectiveness Of Macro-Prudential Policy," Journal of Financial and Monetary Economics, Centre of Financial and Monetary Research "Victor Slavescu", vol. 2(1), pages 67-75.
    19. Araujo, Gustavo Silva & Leão, Sérgio, 2016. "OTC derivatives: Impacts of regulatory changes in the non-financial sector," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 132-149.
    20. M. Ayhan Kose & Peter S. O. Nagle & Franziska Ohnsorge & Naotaka Sugawara, 2020. "Can This Time Be Different? Policy Options in Times of Rising Debt," Koç University-TUSIAD Economic Research Forum Working Papers 2008, Koc University-TUSIAD Economic Research Forum.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Belt & Road Initiative; Panda bonds; China development bank; Financial risks; Exchange rate risks; Balance of payment crisis;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E42 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Monetary Sytsems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System
    • F21 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Investment; Long-Term Capital Movements
    • F31 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Foreign Exchange
    • F32 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Current Account Adjustment; Short-term Capital Movements
    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets
    • O18 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis; Housing; Infrastructure

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:riibaf:v:61:y:2022:i:c:s0275531922000502. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/ribaf .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.