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Energizing development finance? The benefits and risks of China's development finance in the global energy sector

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  • Gallagher, Kevin P.
  • Kamal, Rohini
  • Jin, Junda
  • Chen, Yanning
  • Ma, Xinyue

Abstract

This paper provides the first estimates of China's global developmental finance institutions in general and China's policy bank lending to foreign governments for energy in particular. According to the China Global Energy Finance database, between 2000 and 2017, China Development Bank (CDB) and China Export-Import Bank (CHEXIM) provided $225.75 billion in overseas energy development finance. We find that: China's ‘policy banks’ and funds have doubled the availability of global development finance –and hold more assets than the major Western-backed MDBs operating in developing countries. With the onset of a new family of funds and multilateral development banks co-financed by China, China is poised to be the largest development lender in the world as Western-backed MDBs appear stagnated in their ability to increase their capital bases. China's global energy portfolio is heavily exposed to country, macroeconomic, climate, and social risks, however. To mitigate such risks and meet the broader sustainable development challenge for the 21st Century, China's development finance will need to shift the composition of its global energy lending in a significant manner.

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  • Gallagher, Kevin P. & Kamal, Rohini & Jin, Junda & Chen, Yanning & Ma, Xinyue, 2018. "Energizing development finance? The benefits and risks of China's development finance in the global energy sector," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 313-321.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:122:y:2018:i:c:p:313-321
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2018.06.009
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    10. Schclarek, Alfredo & Xu, Jiajun & Amuchastegui, Pedro, 2022. "Panda bond financing of the Belt and Road Initiative: An analysis of monetary mechanisms and financial risks," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
    11. Paul Bertheau & Robert Lindner, 2022. "Financing sustainable development? The role of foreign aid in Southeast Asia's energy transition," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 30(1), pages 96-109, February.
    12. Quitzow, Rainer & Thielges, Sonja & Goldthau, Andreas & Helgenberger, Sebastian & Mbungu, Grace, 2019. "Advancing a global transition to clean energy: The role of international cooperation," Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal (2007-2020), Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel), vol. 13, pages 1-18.
    13. Grimoux, Valentin, 2018. "China’s Energy Policy & Investments and their Impact on the Sub-Saharan African Region," ESP: Energy Scenarios and Policy 276177, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM).
    14. Alice Nicole Sindzingre, 2021. "Economic Relationships Between Sub-Saharan Africa and China: An Alternative Theoretical and Policy Paradigm?," Post-Print halshs-03625159, HAL.
    15. Cheng, Si & Wang, Banban, 2023. "Impact of the Belt and Road Initiative on China's overseas renewable energy development finance: Effects and features," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 1036-1048.
    16. Ma, Binfeng & Wang, Xiaofang, 2023. "How does green floating bond and financial sector readiness promote green economic growth evidence from China," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PB).
    17. Miquel Muñoz Cabré & Kevin P. Gallagher & Zhongshu Li, 2018. "Renewable Energy: The Trillion Dollar Opportunity for Chinese Overseas Investment," China & World Economy, Institute of World Economics and Politics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, vol. 26(6), pages 27-49, November.
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