IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/eneeco/v33y2011i1p88-98.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Multifractal features of spot rates in the Liquid Petroleum Gas shipping market

Author

Listed:
  • Engelen, Steve
  • Norouzzadeh, Payam
  • Dullaert, Wout
  • Rahmani, Bahareh

Abstract

We investigate for the first time the spot rate dynamics of Very Large Gas Carriers (VLGCs) by means of multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA) and rescaled range (R/S) analysis. Both non-parametric methods allow for a rigorous statistical analysis of the freight process by detecting correlation, scaling and fluctuation behavior regardless of nonlinearity issues. By applying different data-frequencies and a temporal framework, the Hurst exponents indicate that freight rates exhibit trend-reinforcement and persistence subject to limited time-dependency and controlled volatility. The found long-range dependence corroborates that a predictive freight model can be built undermining the efficient market hypothesis. Memory effects seem to each time build up until they are interrupted by seasonal transitions, stochastic events or cycles which all spark a sudden loss in correlations or increase in nonlinearities. The surrogate and shuffling data procedures demonstrate that, dependent on the data-frequency used, memory effects and fat-tail distributions should be contained differently in freight rate models.

Suggested Citation

  • Engelen, Steve & Norouzzadeh, Payam & Dullaert, Wout & Rahmani, Bahareh, 2011. "Multifractal features of spot rates in the Liquid Petroleum Gas shipping market," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 33(1), pages 88-98, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:eneeco:v:33:y:2011:i:1:p:88-98
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140-9883(10)00089-7
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bowden, Nicholas & Payne, James E., 2008. "Short term forecasting of electricity prices for MISO hubs: Evidence from ARIMA-EGARCH models," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 30(6), pages 3186-3197, November.
    2. Kwiatkowski, Denis & Phillips, Peter C. B. & Schmidt, Peter & Shin, Yongcheol, 1992. "Testing the null hypothesis of stationarity against the alternative of a unit root : How sure are we that economic time series have a unit root?," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 54(1-3), pages 159-178.
    3. Manolis G. Kavussanos & Amir H. Alizadeh, 2002. "Efficient pricing of ships in the dry bulk sector of the shipping industry," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 29(3), pages 303-330.
    4. Roar Adland & Siri P. Strandenes, 2007. "A Discrete-Time Stochastic Partial Equilibrium Model of the Spot Freight Market," Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, University of Bath, vol. 41(2), pages 189-218, May.
    5. Alvarez-Ramirez, Jose & Escarela-Perez, Rafael, 2010. "Time-dependent correlations in electricity markets," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(2), pages 269-277, March.
    6. Whitney K. Newey & Kenneth D. West, 1994. "Automatic Lag Selection in Covariance Matrix Estimation," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 61(4), pages 631-653.
    7. Jostein Tvedt, 2003. "Shipping market models and the specification of freight rate processes," Maritime Economics & Logistics, Palgrave Macmillan;International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME), vol. 5(4), pages 327-346, December.
    8. Kavussanos, Manolis G. & Alizadeh-M, Amir H., 2001. "Seasonality patterns in dry bulk shipping spot and time charter freight rates," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 37(6), pages 443-467, December.
    9. Higgs, Helen & Worthington, Andrew, 2008. "Stochastic price modeling of high volatility, mean-reverting, spike-prone commodities: The Australian wholesale spot electricity market," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 30(6), pages 3172-3185, November.
    10. Kantelhardt, Jan W. & Zschiegner, Stephan A. & Koscielny-Bunde, Eva & Havlin, Shlomo & Bunde, Armin & Stanley, H.Eugene, 2002. "Multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis of nonstationary time series," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 316(1), pages 87-114.
    11. Adland, Roar & Cullinane, Kevin, 2006. "The non-linear dynamics of spot freight rates in tanker markets," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 42(3), pages 211-224, May.
    12. Huisman, Ronald & Mahieu, Ronald, 2003. "Regime jumps in electricity prices," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 25(5), pages 425-434, September.
    13. MacKinnon, James G, 1996. "Numerical Distribution Functions for Unit Root and Cointegration Tests," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 11(6), pages 601-618, Nov.-Dec..
    14. Uritskaya, Olga Y. & Serletis, Apostolos, 2008. "Quantifying multiscale inefficiency in electricity markets," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 30(6), pages 3109-3117, November.
    15. Wang, Yudong & Liu, Li & Gu, Rongbao & Cao, Jianjun & Wang, Haiyan, 2010. "Analysis of market efficiency for the Shanghai stock market over time," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 389(8), pages 1635-1642.
    16. Andrews, Donald W K, 1991. "Heteroskedasticity and Autocorrelation Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimation," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 59(3), pages 817-858, May.
    17. repec:clg:wpaper:2008-21 is not listed on IDEAS
    18. Adland, Roar & Jia, Haiying & Lu, Jing, 2008. "Price dynamics in the market for Liquid Petroleum Gas transport," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 30(3), pages 818-828, May.
    19. Lu Jing & Peter B. Marlow & Wang Hui, 2008. "An analysis of freight rate volatility in dry bulk shipping markets," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 35(3), pages 237-251, June.
    20. Jostein Tvedt†, 1997. "Valuation of VLCCs under income uncertainty," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(2), pages 159-174, January.
    21. Steve Engelen & Hilda Meersman & Eddy Van De Voorde, 2006. "Using system dynamics in maritime economics: an endogenous decision model for shipowners in the dry bulk sector," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 33(2), pages 141-158, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Sun, Xiaolei & Liu, Chang & Wang, Jun & Li, Jianping, 2020. "Assessing the extreme risk spillovers of international commodities on maritime markets: A GARCH-Copula-CoVaR approach," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    2. Zhang, Guofu & Li, Jingjing, 2018. "Multifractal analysis of Shanghai and Hong Kong stock markets before and after the connect program," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 503(C), pages 611-622.
    3. Boubaker Heni, 2018. "A Generalized ARFIMA Model with Smooth Transition Fractional Integration Parameter," Journal of Time Series Econometrics, De Gruyter, vol. 10(1), pages 1-20, January.
    4. Chen, Feier & Tian, Kang & Ding, Xiaoxu & Miao, Yuqi & Lu, Chunxia, 2016. "Finite-size effect and the components of multifractality in transport economics volatility based on multifractal detrending moving average method," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 462(C), pages 1058-1066.
    5. Aloy Marcel & Tong Charles Lai & Peguin-Feissolle Anne & Dufrénot Gilles, 2013. "A smooth transition long-memory model," Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics & Econometrics, De Gruyter, vol. 17(3), pages 281-296, May.
    6. Sun, Xiaolei & Tang, Ling & Yang, Yuying & Wu, Dengsheng & Li, Jianping, 2014. "Identifying the dynamic relationship between tanker freight rates and oil prices: In the perspective of multiscale relevance," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 287-295.
    7. Aiwu Zhao & Spencer Cheng & Zhixin Kang, 2013. "Long-term dependence of popular and neglected stocks," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(12), pages 1005-1015, June.
    8. Zheng, Shiyuan & Lan, Xiangang, 2016. "Multifractal analysis of spot rates in tanker markets and their comparisons with crude oil markets," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 444(C), pages 547-559.
    9. Xiwen Bai & Jasmine Siu Lee Lam, 2019. "An integrated analysis of interrelationships within the very large gas carrier (VLGC) shipping market," Maritime Economics & Logistics, Palgrave Macmillan;International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME), vol. 21(3), pages 372-389, September.
    10. Bai, Xiwen, 2021. "Tanker freight rates and economic policy uncertainty: A wavelet-based copula approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C).
    11. Tao Yin & Yiming Wang, 2021. "Market Efficiency and Nonlinear Analysis of Soybean Futures," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-10, January.
    12. Vogl, Markus, 2023. "Hurst exponent dynamics of S&P 500 returns: Implications for market efficiency, long memory, multifractality and financial crises predictability by application of a nonlinear dynamics analysis framewo," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 166(C).
    13. He, Xiaoli & Wang, Hongwu & Du, Ziping, 2014. "The complexity and fractal structures of CSI300 before and after the introduction of CSI300IF," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 414(C), pages 76-85.
    14. Alexandros M. Goulielmos & Maria-Elpiniki Psifia, 2011. "Forecasting short-term freight rate cycles: do we have a more appropriate method than a normal distribution?," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 38(6), pages 645-672, January.
    15. Chen, Feier & Miao, Yuqi & Tian, Kang & Ding, Xiaoxu & Li, Tingyi, 2017. "Multifractal cross-correlations between crude oil and tanker freight rate," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 474(C), pages 344-354.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Sun, Xiaolei & Tang, Ling & Yang, Yuying & Wu, Dengsheng & Li, Jianping, 2014. "Identifying the dynamic relationship between tanker freight rates and oil prices: In the perspective of multiscale relevance," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 287-295.
    2. Adland, Roar & Jia, Haiying & Lu, Jing, 2008. "Price dynamics in the market for Liquid Petroleum Gas transport," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 30(3), pages 818-828, May.
    3. Adland, Roar & Cariou, Pierre & Wolff, Francois-Charles, 2016. "The influence of charterers and owners on bulk shipping freight rates," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 69-82.
    4. Ladislav KRISTOUFEK & Petra LUNACKOVA, 2013. "Long-term Memory in Electricity Prices: Czech Market Evidence," Czech Journal of Economics and Finance (Finance a uver), Charles University Prague, Faculty of Social Sciences, vol. 63(5), pages 407-424, November.
    5. Roar Adland & Pierre Cariou & François-Charles Wolff, 2018. "Comparing transaction-based and expert-generated price indices in the market for offshore support vessels," Working Papers halshs-01843720, HAL.
    6. Arghyrou, Michael G. & Gadea, Maria Dolores, 2012. "The single monetary policy and domestic macro-fundamentals: Evidence from Spain," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 34(1), pages 16-34.
    7. Bruno Bosco & Lucia Parisio & Matteo Pelagatti & Fabio Baldi, 2010. "Long-run relations in european electricity prices," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 25(5), pages 805-832.
    8. Qaiser Munir & Sook Ching Kok & Kasim Mansur, 2019. "External Shocks, Structural Breaks And Unemployment Hysteresis In Selected Asian Countries," The Singapore Economic Review (SER), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 64(03), pages 575-600, June.
    9. Siddiqui, Atiq W. & Basu, Rounaq, 2020. "An empirical analysis of relationships between cyclical components of oil price and tanker freight rates," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
    10. Matteo Pelagatti & Bruno Bosco & Lucia Parisio & Fabio Baldi, 2007. "A Robust Multivariate Long Run Analysis of European Electricity Prices," Working Papers 2007.103, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei.
    11. Daiki Maki, 2008. "The Performance of Variance Ratio Unit Root Tests Under Nonlinear Stationary TAR and STAR Processes: Evidence from Monte Carlo Simulations and Applications," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 31(1), pages 77-94, February.
    12. Chen, Li & Gao, Jiti & Vahid, Farshid, 2022. "Global temperatures and greenhouse gases: A common features approach," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 230(2), pages 240-254.
    13. Héctor F. Salazar-Núñez & Francisco Venegas-Martínez & José Antonio Lozano-Díez, 2022. "Assessing the interdependence among renewable and non-renewable energies, economic growth, and CO2 emissions in Mexico," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(11), pages 12850-12866, November.
    14. Jaroslava Hlouskova & Martin Wagner, 2006. "The Performance of Panel Unit Root and Stationarity Tests: Results from a Large Scale Simulation Study," Econometric Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 25(1), pages 85-116.
    15. Carrion-i-Silvestre, Josep Lluis, 2005. "Health care expenditure and GDP: Are they broken stationary?," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 24(5), pages 839-854, September.
    16. Zhijie Xiao & Luiz Renato Lima, 2007. "Testing Covariance Stationarity," Econometric Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 26(6), pages 643-667.
    17. Ahmed, Walid M.A., 2017. "The impact of foreign equity flows on market volatility during politically tranquil and turbulent times: The Egyptian experience," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 61-77.
    18. Donggyu Sul & Peter C. B. Phillips & Chi‐Young Choi, 2005. "Prewhitening Bias in HAC Estimation," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 67(4), pages 517-546, August.
    19. Salazar, Hector & Lozano, José Antonio & Venegas-Martínez, Francisco, 2021. "La formación bruta de capital fijo y el uso de energías renovables y no renovables en las emisiones de CO2 en México: hipótesis de Kuznets," Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación de la Escuela Superios de Economía del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, in: Universidad de Colima (ed.), Los desafíos de la economía mexicana: energía, plítica energética y crecimiento económico, volume 1, chapter 4, pages 109-132, Escuela Superior de Economía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional.
    20. Gangopadhyay, Kausik & Nishimura, Atsushi & Pal, Rupayan, 2016. "Can the information technology revolution explain the incidence of co-movement of skill premium and stock prices?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 107-120.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:eneeco:v:33:y:2011:i:1:p:88-98. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/eneco .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.