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Why Are European Countries Diverging in Their Unemployment Experience?

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Author Info
Gilles Saint-Paul

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Abstract

During the nineties, unemployment fell in a number of European countries while it remained high in others. This Paper discusses potential causes for that evolution in light of recent economic research, emphasizing obstacles to reform due to political constraints, the prevalence of ideology, and agency issues within those bureaucracies concerned with the unemployment problem. Some speculative thoughts are offered as to why those factors might be more stringent in countries where unemployment remained high.

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Publisher Info
Article provided by American Economic Association in its journal Journal of Economic Perspectives.

Volume (Year): 18 (2004)
Issue (Month): 4 (Fall)
Pages: 49-68
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Handle: RePEc:aea:jecper:v:18:y:2004:i:4:p:49-68

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References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
  1. Gottfries, Nils & Horn, Henrik, 1987. "Wage Formation and the Persistence of Unemployment," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 97(388), pages 877-84, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Calmfors, Lars & Forslund, Anders & Hemström, Maria, 2002. "Does active labour market policy work? Lessons from the Swedish experiences," Working Paper Series 2002:4, IFAU - Institute for Labour Market Policy Evaluation. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  3. Orszag, J.M. & Snower, D.J., 1998. "Anatomy of Policy Complementarities," Research Institute of Industrial Economics Working Papers 500, Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN).
    Other versions:
  4. Gersbach, Hans & Schniewind, Achim, 2001. "Learning of General Equilibrium Effects and the Unemployment Trap," IZA Discussion Papers 254, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
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Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Dominique Demougin & Carsten Helm, 2008. "Incentive Contracts and Efficient Unemployment Benefits," Darmstadt Discussion Papers in Economics 191, Institut für Volkswirtschaftslehre (Department of Economics), Technische Universität Darmstadt (Darmstadt University of Technology). [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  2. Werner Eichhorst & Regina Konle-Seidl, 2005. "The Interaction of Labor Market Regulation and Labor Market Policies in Welfare State Reform," IZA Discussion Papers 1718, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  3. Alain Jousten & Mathieu Lefebvre & Sergio Perelman & Pierre Pestieau, 2008. "The Effects of Early Retirement on Youth Unemployment: The Case of Belgium," IMF Working Papers 08/30, International Monetary Fund. [Downloadable!]
  4. Patrick Minford & Ruthira Naraidoo, 2009. "Vicious and virtuous circles--The political economy of unemployment," Working Papers 200914, University of Pretoria, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  5. Philip R. Lane, 2006. "The Real Effects of EMU," The Institute for International Integration Studies Discussion Paper Series iiisdp115, IIIS. [Downloadable!]
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  6. Catherine Mathieu & Henri Sterdyniak, 2007. "How to deal with economic divergences in EMU?," Documents de Travail de l'OFCE 2007-14, Observatoire Francais des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE). [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  7. Jens Rubart & Willi Semmler, 2007. "East German Unemployment from a Macroeconomic Perspective," Darmstadt Discussion Papers in Economics 187, Institut für Volkswirtschaftslehre (Department of Economics), Technische Universität Darmstadt (Darmstadt University of Technology). [Downloadable!]
  8. Emanuela Ghignoni, 2006. "Human capital, unemployment, and probability of transition to permanent employment in the Italian regional labour markets," Working Papers 93, Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Public Economics. [Downloadable!]
  9. Algan, Yann & Cahuc, Pierre, 2004. "Job Protection: The Macho Hypothesis," IZA Discussion Papers 1192, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  10. Giulia Faggio & Stephen Nickell, 2006. "Patterns of Work Across the OECD," CEP Discussion Papers dp0730, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  11. Tattara, Giuseppe & Valentini, Marco, 2008. "Can employment subsidies and greater labour market flexibility increase job opportunities for youth? Revisiting the Italian On-the-job Training Program," MPRA Paper 10370, University Library of Munich, Germany. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  12. Hervé Boulhol, 2006. "Do capital market and trade liberalization trigger labor market deregulation ?," Cahiers de la Maison des Sciences Economiques bla06062, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (Paris 1). [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  13. Morawski, Leszek & Myck, Michal, 2008. "'Klin'-ing Up: Effects of Polish Tax Reforms on Those In and on Those Out," IZA Discussion Papers 3746, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
  14. Jian-Ping Zhou, 2006. "Reforming Employment Protection Legislation in France," IMF Working Papers 06/108, International Monetary Fund. [Downloadable!]
  15. repec:bep:maccon:v:4:y:2004:i:1:p:1160-1160 is not listed on IDEAS
  16. Holger Zemanek & Ansgar Belke & Gunther Schnabl, 2009. "Current Account Imbalances and Structural Adjustment in the Euro Area: How to Rebalance Competitiveness," CESifo Working Paper Series CESifo Working Paper No. , CESifo Group Munich. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  17. Emanuela Ghignoni, 2008. "Temporary contracts, employees’ effort and labour productivity: the evidence for Italy," Working Papers 111, Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Public Economics. [Downloadable!]
  18. Olivier L'Haridon & Franck Malherbet, 2006. "Employment Protection Reform in Search Economies," IZA Discussion Papers 2304, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  19. Olfa Alouini, 2009. "Country size, economic performance and the political economy of the euro zone : an empirical study of the size divide," Documents de Travail de l'OFCE 2007-01, Observatoire Francais des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE). [Downloadable!]
  20. Leszek Morawski & Michal Myck, 2008. "'Klin'-ing up: effects of Polish tax reforms on those in and on those out," IFS Working Papers W08/12, Institute for Fiscal Studies. [Downloadable!]
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