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Preparation and thermal energy storage properties of paraffin/expanded graphite composite phase change material

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  1. Huang, Zhaowen & Gao, Xuenong & Xu, Tao & Fang, Yutang & Zhang, Zhengguo, 2014. "Thermal property measurement and heat storage analysis of LiNO3/KCl – expanded graphite composite phase change material," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 265-271.
  2. Zichen, Wang & Changqing, Du, 2021. "A comprehensive review on thermal management systems for power lithium-ion batteries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
  3. Li, Min & Wu, Zhishen & Tan, Jinmiao, 2013. "Heat storage properties of the cement mortar incorporated with composite phase change material," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 393-399.
  4. Tu, Yubin & Zhu, Wei & Lu, Tianqi & Deng, Yuan, 2017. "A novel thermoelectric harvester based on high-performance phase change material for space application," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 1194-1202.
  5. Xiao, Hanxu & E, Jiaqiang & Tian, Sicheng & Huang, Yuxin & Song, Xinyu, 2024. "Effect of composite cooling strategy including phase change material and liquid cooling on the thermal safety performance of a lithium-ion battery pack under thermal runaway propagation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 295(C).
  6. Cheng, Wenlong & Xie, Biao & Zhang, Rongming & Xu, Zhiming & Xia, Yuting, 2015. "Effect of thermal conductivities of shape stabilized PCM on under-floor heating system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 10-18.
  7. Luo, Chenglong & Xu, Lijie & Ji, Jie & Liao, Mengyin & Sun, Dan, 2017. "Experimental study of a modified solar phase change material storage wall system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 224-231.
  8. Yang, Haiyue & Wang, Yazhou & Yu, Qianqian & Cao, Guoliang & Yang, Rue & Ke, Jiaona & Di, Xin & Liu, Feng & Zhang, Wenbo & Wang, Chengyu, 2018. "Composite phase change materials with good reversible thermochromic ability in delignified wood substrate for thermal energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 455-464.
  9. Zhang, P. & Meng, Z.N. & Zhu, H. & Wang, Y.L. & Peng, S.P., 2017. "Melting heat transfer characteristics of a composite phase change material fabricated by paraffin and metal foam," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(P2), pages 1971-1983.
  10. Li, Min & Guo, Qiangang, 2015. "The preparation of the hydrotalcite-based composite phase change material," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 207-212.
  11. Feng, Guohui & Liu, Ming & Huang, Kailiang & Qiang, Xiaoqian & Chang, Qunpeng, 2019. "Development of a math module of shell and tube phase-change energy storage system used in TRNSYS," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 428-436.
  12. Fan, Li-Wu & Fang, Xin & Wang, Xiao & Zeng, Yi & Xiao, Yu-Qi & Yu, Zi-Tao & Xu, Xu & Hu, Ya-Cai & Cen, Ke-Fa, 2013. "Effects of various carbon nanofillers on the thermal conductivity and energy storage properties of paraffin-based nanocomposite phase change materials," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 163-172.
  13. Han, Rui & Gao, Jihui & Wei, Siyu & Su, Yanlin & Sun, Fei & Zhao, Guangbo & Qin, Yukun, 2018. "Strongly coupled calcium carbonate/antioxidative graphite nanosheets composites with high cycling stability for thermochemical energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C), pages 412-422.
  14. Li, Min & Chen, Meirong & Wu, Zhishen, 2014. "Enhancement in thermal property and mechanical property of phase change microcapsule with modified carbon nanotube," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 166-171.
  15. Zeng, Ju-Lan & Zheng, Shuang-Hao & Yu, Sai-Bo & Zhu, Fu-Rong & Gan, Juan & Zhu, Ling & Xiao, Zhong-Liang & Zhu, Xin-Yu & Zhu, Zhen & Sun, Li-Xian & Cao, Zhong, 2014. "Preparation and thermal properties of palmitic acid/polyaniline/exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets form-stable phase change materials," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 603-609.
  16. Wu, Weixiong & Yang, Xiaoqing & Zhang, Guoqing & Ke, Xiufang & Wang, Ziyuan & Situ, Wenfu & Li, Xinxi & Zhang, Jiangyun, 2016. "An experimental study of thermal management system using copper mesh-enhanced composite phase change materials for power battery pack," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 909-916.
  17. Chinnasamy, Veerakumar & Heo, Jaehyeok & Jung, Sungyong & Lee, Hoseong & Cho, Honghyun, 2023. "Shape stabilized phase change materials based on different support structures for thermal energy storage applications–A review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(PB).
  18. Li, Wei & Zhang, Rong & Jiang, Nan & Tang, Xiao-fen & Shi, Hai-feng & Zhang, Xing-xiang & Zhang, Yuankai & Dong, Lin & Zhang, Ningxin, 2013. "Composite macrocapsule of phase change materials/expanded graphite for thermal energy storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 607-614.
  19. Zhanxiao Kang & Liqiu Wang, 2017. "Effect of Thermal-Electric Cross Coupling on Heat Transport in Nanofluids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-13, January.
  20. He, Junjie & Chu, Wenxiao & Wang, Qiuwang, 2025. "Applications of low melting point alloy for electronic thermal management: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 210(C).
  21. He, Yuyang & Feng, Ruiting & Wang, Shaobo & Wu, Xiu-Wen & Hu, Guangbo, 2025. "Design of a passive temperature management house using composite phase change materials," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 319(C).
  22. Umair, Malik Muhammad & Zhang, Yuang & Iqbal, Kashif & Zhang, Shufen & Tang, Bingtao, 2019. "Novel strategies and supporting materials applied to shape-stabilize organic phase change materials for thermal energy storage–A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C), pages 846-873.
  23. Li, Xiangyu & Chen, Huisu & Li, Huiqiang & Liu, Lin & Lu, Zeyu & Zhang, Tao & Duan, Wen Hui, 2015. "Integration of form-stable paraffin/nanosilica phase change material composites into vacuum insulation panels for thermal energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 601-609.
  24. Qian, Yong & Wei, Ping & Jiang, Pingkai & Li, Zhi & Yan, Yonggang & Liu, Jiping, 2013. "Preparation of a novel PEG composite with halogen-free flame retardant supporting matrix for thermal energy storage application," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 321-327.
  25. Yin, Ershuai & Li, Qiang & Li, Dianhong & Xuan, Yimin, 2019. "Experimental investigation on effects of thermal resistances on a photovoltaic-thermoelectric system integrated with phase change materials," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 172-185.
  26. Aadmi, Moussa & Karkri, Mustapha & El Hammouti, Mimoun, 2014. "Heat transfer characteristics of thermal energy storage of a composite phase change materials: Numerical and experimental investigations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 381-392.
  27. Liu, Zhenyu & Yao, Yuanpeng & Wu, Huiying, 2013. "Numerical modeling for solid–liquid phase change phenomena in porous media: Shell-and-tube type latent heat thermal energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 1222-1232.
  28. Merlin, Kevin & Delaunay, Didier & Soto, Jérôme & Traonvouez, Luc, 2016. "Heat transfer enhancement in latent heat thermal storage systems: Comparative study of different solutions and thermal contact investigation between the exchanger and the PCM," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 107-116.
  29. Liu, Xianjie & Feng, Qian & Peng, Zhigang & Zheng, Yong & Liu, Huan, 2020. "Preparation and evaluation of micro-encapsulated thermal control materials for oil well cement slurry," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 208(C).
  30. Xiao, Qiangqiang & Fan, Jiaxin & Li, Li & Xu, Tao & Yuan, Wenhui, 2018. "Solar thermal energy storage based on sodium acetate trihydrate phase change hydrogels with excellent light-to-thermal conversion performance," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PB), pages 1240-1247.
  31. Liu, Qinggong & Tao, Yao & Shi, Long & Huang, Yi & Peng, Yuanling & Wang, Yong & Tu, Jiyuan, 2023. "Experimental investigations on the thermal performance of a novel ground heat exchanger under the synergistic effects of shape-stabilized phase change material and nanofluid," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).
  32. Gu, Xiaobin & Liu, Peng & Bian, Liang & He, Huichao, 2019. "Enhanced thermal conductivity of palmitic acid/mullite phase change composite with graphite powder for thermal energy storage," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 833-841.
  33. Yijin Wang & Changqing Du & Zichen Wang, 2023. "Research on Thermal Management Coupling by CPCM and Liquid Cooling for Vehicle Lithium-Ion Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-12, July.
  34. Ramakrishnan, Sayanthan & Wang, Xiaoming & Sanjayan, Jay & Wilson, John, 2017. "Thermal performance assessment of phase change material integrated cementitious composites in buildings: Experimental and numerical approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 654-664.
  35. Zhang, Chunwei & Yu, Meng & Fan, Yubin & Zhang, Xuejun & Zhao, Yang & Qiu, Limin, 2020. "Numerical study on heat transfer enhancement of PCM using three combined methods based on heat pipe," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C).
  36. Wang, Zhifeng & Wu, Jiani & Lei, Dongqiang & Liu, Hong & Li, Jinping & Wu, Zhiyong, 2020. "Experimental study on latent thermal energy storage system with gradient porosity copper foam for mid-temperature solar energy application," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).
  37. Nourani, Moloud & Hamdami, Nasser & Keramat, Javad & Moheb, Ahmad & Shahedi, Mohammad, 2016. "Thermal behavior of paraffin-nano-Al2O3 stabilized by sodium stearoyl lactylate as a stable phase change material with high thermal conductivity," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 474-482.
  38. Chen, Renjie & Yao, Ruimin & Xia, Wei & Zou, Ruqiang, 2015. "Electro/photo to heat conversion system based on polyurethane embedded graphite foam," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 183-188.
  39. Li, Min & Mu, Boyuan, 2019. "Effect of different dimensional carbon materials on the properties and application of phase change materials: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 695-715.
  40. Liu, Xianglei & Ni, Renzhong & Tian, Yang & Yao, Haichen & Xu, Qiao & Xuan, Yimin, 2023. "Environment-friendly efficient thermal energy storage paradigm based on sugarcane-derived eco-ceramics phase change composites: From material to device," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).
  41. Vitorino, Nuno & Abrantes, João C.C. & Frade, Jorge Ribeiro, 2013. "Gelled graphite/gelatin composites for latent heat cold storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 890-897.
  42. Zhang, P. & Ma, F. & Xiao, X., 2016. "Thermal energy storage and retrieval characteristics of a molten-salt latent heat thermal energy storage system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 255-271.
  43. Enas al-Zubaidy & Ahmed Fadhil Hamza & Zuhair Jabbar Abdul Ameer, 2025. "Physiological and Biodegradation Changes Properties of PLA\UHMWPE\PVA Blends During Early Stage of Biodegradation in Vivo," International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation, International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI), vol. 12(9), pages 2657-2666, August.
  44. Zhu, Yejun & Huang, Baoling & Wu, Jingshen, 2014. "Optimization of filler distribution for organic phase change material composites: Numerical investigation and entropy analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 543-550.
  45. Adio Miliozzi & Franco Dominici & Mauro Candelori & Elisabetta Veca & Raffaele Liberatore & Daniele Nicolini & Luigi Torre, 2021. "Development and Characterization of Concrete/PCM/Diatomite Composites for Thermal Energy Storage in CSP/CST Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-24, July.
  46. Rashidi, Saman & Esfahani, Javad Abolfazli & Karimi, Nader, 2018. "Porous materials in building energy technologies—A review of the applications, modelling and experiments," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 229-247.
  47. Zhang, Zhishan & Alva, Guruprasad & Gu, Min & Fang, Guiyin, 2018. "Experimental investigation on n–octadecane/polystyrene/expanded graphite composites as form–stable thermal energy storage materials," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 625-632.
  48. Zhu, Xiao & Han, Liang & Lu, Yunfeng & Wei, Fei & Jia, Xilai, 2019. "Geometry-induced thermal storage enhancement of shape-stabilized phase change materials based on oriented carbon nanotubes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(C).
  49. Tian, Heqing & Wang, Weilong & Ding, Jing & Wei, Xiaolan & Song, Ming & Yang, Jianping, 2015. "Thermal conductivities and characteristics of ternary eutectic chloride/expanded graphite thermal energy storage composites," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 87-92.
  50. Parameshwaran, R. & Deepak, K. & Saravanan, R. & Kalaiselvam, S., 2014. "Preparation, thermal and rheological properties of hybrid nanocomposite phase change material for thermal energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 320-330.
  51. Zhang, Wenbo & Zhang, Yixue & Ling, Ziye & Fang, Xiaoming & Zhang, Zhengguo, 2019. "Microinfiltration of Mg(NO3)2·6H2O into g-C3N4 and macroencapsulation with commercial sealants: A two-step method to enhance the thermal stability of inorganic composite phase change materials," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.
  52. Wang, Tao & Mantha, Divakar & Reddy, Ramana G., 2013. "Novel low melting point quaternary eutectic system for solar thermal energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 1422-1429.
  53. Xiao, X. & Zhang, P. & Li, M., 2013. "Preparation and thermal characterization of paraffin/metal foam composite phase change material," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 1357-1366.
  54. Yang, Xiaohu & Feng, Shangsheng & Zhang, Qunli & Chai, Yue & Jin, Liwen & Lu, Tian Jian, 2017. "The role of porous metal foam on the unidirectional solidification of saturating fluid for cold storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C), pages 508-521.
  55. Nomura, Takahiro & Tabuchi, Kazuki & Zhu, Chunyu & Sheng, Nan & Wang, Shuangfeng & Akiyama, Tomohiro, 2015. "High thermal conductivity phase change composite with percolating carbon fiber network," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 678-685.
  56. Ye, Hong & Long, Linshuang & Zhang, Haitao & Zou, Ruqiang, 2014. "The performance evaluation of shape-stabilized phase change materials in building applications using energy saving index," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1118-1126.
  57. Memon, Shazim Ali & Cui, H.Z. & Zhang, Hang & Xing, Feng, 2015. "Utilization of macro encapsulated phase change materials for the development of thermal energy storage and structural lightweight aggregate concrete," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 43-55.
  58. Paneliya, Sagar & Khanna, Sakshum & Utsav, & Singh, Ayush Pratap & Patel, Yash Kumar & Vanpariya, Anjali & Makani, Nisha Hiralal & Banerjee, Rupak & Mukhopadhyay, Indrajit, 2021. "Core shell paraffin/silica nanocomposite: A promising phase change material for thermal energy storage," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 591-599.
  59. Chao, Weixiang & Yang, Haiyue & Cao, Guoliang & Sun, Xiaohan & Wang, Xin & Wang, Chengyu, 2020. "Carbonized wood flour matrix with functional phase change material composite for magnetocaloric-assisted photothermal conversion and storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C).
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  72. Merlin, Kevin & Soto, Jérôme & Delaunay, Didier & Traonvouez, Luc, 2016. "Industrial waste heat recovery using an enhanced conductivity latent heat thermal energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 491-503.
  73. Xia, Mingzhu & Yuan, Yanping & Zhao, Xudong & Cao, Xiaoling & Tang, Zhonghua, 2016. "Cold storage condensation heat recovery system with a novel composite phase change material," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 259-268.
  74. Liu, Yang & Zheng, Ruowei & Li, Ji, 2022. "High latent heat phase change materials (PCMs) with low melting temperature for thermal management and storage of electronic devices and power batteries: Critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
  75. Akula, Rajesh & Balaji, C., 2022. "Thermal management of 18650 Li-ion battery using novel fins–PCM–EG composite heat sinks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 316(C).
  76. Pointner, Harald & Steinmann, Wolf-Dieter, 2016. "Experimental demonstration of an active latent heat storage concept," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 661-671.
  77. Ting Quan & Qi Xia & Xiaoyu Wei & Yanli Zhu, 2024. "Recent Development of Thermal Insulating Materials for Li-Ion Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-37, September.
  78. Khan, Shahid Ali & Li, Xiangrong & Ni, Song & Hussain, Iftikhar & Liu, Rukun & Thakur, Amrit Kumar & Xu, Jijian & Shen, Yinlin & An, Alicia Kyoungjin & Zhao, Jiyun, 2025. "Experimental investigation of gallium-based composite PCM for battery thermal management applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 213(C).
  79. Chen, Shuqin & Zhu, Yipan & Chen, Yue & Liu, Wei, 2020. "Usage strategy of phase change materials in plastic greenhouses, in hot summer and cold winter climate," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).
  80. Li, Liping & Wang, Gang & Guo, Chuigen, 2016. "Influence of intumescent flame retardant on thermal and flame retardancy of eutectic mixed paraffin/polypropylene form-stable phase change materials," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 428-434.
  81. Sciacovelli, A. & Gagliardi, F. & Verda, V., 2015. "Maximization of performance of a PCM latent heat storage system with innovative fins," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 707-715.
  82. Hou, Yujie & Chen, Hua & Liu, Xiuli, 2022. "Experimental study on the effect of partial filling of copper foam on heat storage of paraffin-based PCM," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 561-571.
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