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Optical and thermal performance of a spectral-splitting transmission/photovoltaic system for plant factories

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  • Chen, Xinge
  • Ji, Yaning
  • Wu, Gang
  • Zang, Jianbin
  • Lu, Lin
  • Zhang, Yi
  • Liang, Hao

Abstract

The spectral range of plant photosynthesis primarily lies within the visible light band (380–780 nm), while the introduction of near-infrared light (780–2500 nm) imposes unnecessary thermal loads. Solar transmission illumination through visible light conduction is one of the most efficient approaches in solar building applications. To enhance solar energy utilization and mitigate adverse infrared effects on optical fibers and plant factories, this study proposes an Integrated Solar Transmission Illuminating and Photovoltaic (ITIPV) system based on composite phase change material cooling. A spectral splitter separates the solar spectrum: visible light supports crop growth, while near-infrared is directed to PV cells for power generation. Nanographite-paraffin composite phase change materials are employed to cool the PV cells. Experimental results show PV cells operate steadily at 43.5 °C. The system achieves average power generation and light transmission efficiencies of 9.5 % and 18.9 %, respectively. The levelized cost of energy (LCOE) is 0.055 USD/kWh, significantly lower than China's residential electricity price (0.084 USD/kWh). This study offers a novel strategy to improve solar transmission illumination efficiency.

Suggested Citation

  • Chen, Xinge & Ji, Yaning & Wu, Gang & Zang, Jianbin & Lu, Lin & Zhang, Yi & Liang, Hao, 2025. "Optical and thermal performance of a spectral-splitting transmission/photovoltaic system for plant factories," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 336(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:336:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225039465
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.138304
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