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Fragmentierung - Außenhandel unter den Bedingungen vertikaler Globalisierung: Ein Überblick

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  • Sell, Friedrich L.

Abstract

Dieser Beitrag soll einen Überblick und eine Systematik im Hinblick auf die aktuellen Beiträge zum Phänomen der Fragmentierung geben. Während man im Zusammenhang mit der Ausweitung des Nord-Süd-Handels von einer "horizontalen Globalisierung" spricht, gilt Fragmentierung als Ausdruck einer Vertiefung des internationalen Handels ("vertikale Globalisierung"). Wir diskutieren die Einführung von Komponenten in den Produktionsprozeß zunächst im Rahmen eines Ricardo-Modells für eine kleine offene Volkswirtschaft, anschließend im Zwei-Länder-Fall. Danach gehen wir zu Modellen mit zwei Faktoren bei unterschiedlichen Produktionstechnologien über, wobei die Verwendung einer oder mehrerer Komponenten implementiert wird. Es zeigt sich, daß Fragmentierung zu einer erheblichen Änderung in der Struktur, in der Verteilung komparativer Kostenvorteile innerhalb der Weltwirtschaft und bei den Terms of Trade führt. Bei den Komponenten wird vermutet, daß solche, die humankapitalintensiv (arbeitsintensiv) sind, tendenziell im Norden (Süden) der Weltwirtschaft produziert werden. Schwieriger gestaltet sich die Aufgabe, Auswirkungen der Fragmentierung auf die funktionale Einkommensverteilung innerhalb aber auch zwischen den Ländern abzuschätzen, welche intensiv untereinander Handel treiben. Unter den theoretisch denkbaren scheinen die besonders relevanten Fälle darauf hinzudeuten, daß es zu sinkenden (steigenden) Löhnen für einfache (qualifizierte) Arbeit sowohl in Entwicklungs- als auch in Industrieländern kommen wird.

Suggested Citation

  • Sell, Friedrich L., 2001. "Fragmentierung - Außenhandel unter den Bedingungen vertikaler Globalisierung: Ein Überblick," Working Papers in Economics 2001,2, Bundeswehr University Munich, Economic Research Group.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:ubwwpe:20012
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Holger Görg, 2000. "Fragmentation and trade: US inward processing trade in the EU," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 136(3), pages 403-422, September.
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    4. Deardorff, A.V., 2000. "Financial Crisis, Trade, and Fragmentation," Working Papers 458, Research Seminar in International Economics, University of Michigan.
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    JEL classification:

    • F10 - International Economics - - Trade - - - General
    • F11 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Neoclassical Models of Trade
    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes
    • E25 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Aggregate Factor Income Distribution

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