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Der Digitale Euro: Mehrwert oder Risiko?

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  • König, Jörg
  • Meyer, Tim

Abstract

Die EZB und die Europäische Kommission treiben die Einführung eines digitalen Euros offensiv voran. Obwohl viele Details zur technischen Ausgestaltung und Funktionalität noch offen sind, wird damit geworben, dass eine digitale Gemeinschaftswährung mit einer Reihe von Vorteilen für Europa verbunden wäre. So soll der digitale Euro zusätzlich zum Bargeld als zweite Form des Zentralbankgeldes für jedermann zur Verfügung stehen, als Innovationstreiber und monetärer Anker dienen, die Abhängigkeit von nicht-europäischen Zahlungsdienstleistern verringern sowie die Souveränität und Autonomie der Eurozone sichern. Bei näherer Betrachtung überwiegen jedoch die Nachteile. Zuvorderst stellt sich die Frage nach dem tatsächlichen Mehrwert einer digitalen Gemeinschaftswährung. Im privaten Bereich sind die angeführten Vorteile angesichts der bereits bestehenden und mit anderen Finanzdienstleistungen kombinierbaren digitalen Zahlungswege wenig überzeugend. Schließlich gehört digitales Bezahlen längst zum Alltag vieler Haushalte, ohne dass es dafür bislang einer staatliche Digitalwährung bedurfte. Gleichzeitig ist mit der digitalen Gemeinschaftswährung die Gefahr verbunden, dass es zu einer schleichenden Abschaffung des Bargelds - Garant von Privatsphäre und Schutz vor Negativzinsen - kommt. Die avisierte Haltegrenze von 3.000 Euro und die Einbeziehung von Finanzintermediären reduziert zudem die Praktikabilität eines digitalen Euro, allerdings wären diese Einschränkungen erforderlich, etwa um das Risiko eines (digitalen) Bank-Runs zu reduzieren. Schließlich ist der ambitionierte Zeitplan von EZB und Europäischer Kommission äußerst riskant, da womöglich vorschnell Fakten geschaffen werden, die im Nachhinein nur schwerlich rückgängig gemacht werden können und im Zweifel das zentrale Subsidiaritätsprinzip der EU sowie das Vertrauen der Bürger in die europäischen Institutionen weiter untergraben.

Suggested Citation

  • König, Jörg & Meyer, Tim, 2025. "Der Digitale Euro: Mehrwert oder Risiko?," Argumente zur Marktwirtschaft und Politik 179, Stiftung Marktwirtschaft / The Market Economy Foundation, Berlin.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:smwarg:316442
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    References listed on IDEAS

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