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Klimawandelbedingte Ertragsveränderungen und Flächennutzung (KlimErtrag)

Author

Listed:
  • Söder, Mareike
  • Berg-Mohnicke, Michael
  • Bittner, Marlene
  • Ernst, Stefan
  • Feike, Til
  • Frühauf, Cathleen
  • Golla, Burkhard
  • Jänicke, Clemens
  • Jorzig, Christian
  • Leppelt, Thomas
  • Liedtke, Marco
  • Möller, Markus
  • Nendel, Claas
  • Offermann, Frank
  • Riedesel, Ludwig
  • Romanova, Vanya
  • Schmitt, Jonas
  • Schulz, Susanne
  • Seserman, Diana-Maria
  • Shawon, Ashifur Rahman

Abstract

Wir geben eine Übersicht über den Stand des Wissens zu den Klimafolgen für den deutschen Pflanzenbau und generieren modellbasierte, quantitative und räumlich differenzierte Simulationen zu den Ertragsveränderungen der wichtigsten deutschen Ackerkulturen bis zur Mitte des Jahrhunderts. Zur Simulation der Erträge werden mehrere Agrar-Ökosystem-Modelle herangezogen und durch eine Meta-Analyse wissenschaftlicher Literatur ergänzt. Zusätzlich berücksichtigen die Analysen die Auswirkungen einzelner Wetterlagen wie Hitze und Dürreperioden auf die Erträge in der Vergangenheit. Um die zukünftige Entwicklung einzuschätzen, werden die Daten verschiedener Klimaprojektionen herangezogen. Die Prozessbasierte Modellierung zeigt im Mittel, mit regionalen Unterschieden, überwiegend keine Ertragsrückgänge bis zur Mitte des Jahrhunderts sowie keine steigende Ertragsvariabilität. Die Effektivität des CO2-Düngeffekts für Ertragssteigerungen bei Winterweizen sinkt über die Zeit, die Erträge von Silomais können am wenigsten vom CO2-Düngeeffekt profitieren. In der Vergangenheit zeigen sich bei fast allen Kulturen Ertragsverluste durch extreme Sommer- und Frühjahrstrockenheit sowie bei Winterweizen und z.T. bei Winterraps durch Hitzeereignisse. Hitzebedingte Ertragsverluste nehmen bei Winterweizen bei steigender CO2-Konzentration zu. Die Analysen zeigen dagegen keine eindeutige Zunahme der Ertragsverluste durch extreme Trockenheit und Staunässe. Unsicherheiten in den Ergebnissen bestehen u.a. aufgrund einer hohen Bandbreite der zukünftigen Niederschlagsentwicklung in den zugrundeliegenden Klimamodellen, insbesondere hinsichtlich der Verlässlichkeit der Niederschlagsprojektion im Frühjahr. Nicht berücksichtigt in den Simulationen wurde eine gezielte Anpassung der Produktion an den Klimawandel sowie negative Ertragseffekte durch die Zunahme von Stürmen, Hagel, Starkregen oder Schadorganismen.

Suggested Citation

  • Söder, Mareike & Berg-Mohnicke, Michael & Bittner, Marlene & Ernst, Stefan & Feike, Til & Frühauf, Cathleen & Golla, Burkhard & Jänicke, Clemens & Jorzig, Christian & Leppelt, Thomas & Liedtke, Marco , 2022. "Klimawandelbedingte Ertragsveränderungen und Flächennutzung (KlimErtrag)," Thünen Working Papers 198, Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:jhtiwp:198
    DOI: 10.3220/WP1659347916000
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    References listed on IDEAS

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