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Emigration and Regime Stability: Explaining the Persistence of Cuban Socialism

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  • Hoffmann, Bert

Abstract

The 'Cuban safety-valve theory' explains sustained survival of Cuban socialism in part through the high levels of emigration, following Hirschman's model of 'exit' undermining 'voice'. The article argues that this remains insufficient in two important ways. Taking a closer look at the crisis years since 1989, at least as important as the opening of exit options was the Cuban state's capacity to rein in uncontrolled emigration and to reassure its 'gatekeeper role'. In addition, the transnationalization of voice and exit must be taken into account as a crucial factor, as much in feeding the regime's anti-imperialist discourse as, paradoxically, by generating sustained economic support from the emigrants.

Suggested Citation

  • Hoffmann, Bert, 2005. "Emigration and Regime Stability: Explaining the Persistence of Cuban Socialism," GIGA Working Papers 2, GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:gigawp:2
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Juan M. del Aguila, 1999. "Reflections on a Non-transition in Cuba: Comments on Elites," Annual Proceedings, The Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy, vol. 9.
    2. Silvia Pedraza, 2002. "Democratization and Migration: Cuba's Exodus and the Development of Civil Society," Annual Proceedings, The Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy, vol. 12.
    3. Bert Hoffmann, 2001. "Transformation and continuity in Cuba," Review of Radical Political Economics, Union for Radical Political Economics, vol. 33(1), pages 1-20, March.
    4. Poirine, Bernard, 1997. "A theory of remittances as an implicit family loan arrangement," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 25(4), pages 589-611, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Hoffmann, Bert, 2011. "The International Dimensions of Authoritarian Legitimation: The Impact of Regime Evolution," GIGA Working Papers 182, GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies.
    2. Revkin, Mara Redlich & Ahram, Ariel I., 2020. "Perspectives on the rebel social contract: Exit, voice, and loyalty in the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).
    3. Hansing, Katrin & Hoffmann, Bert, 2019. "Cuba's new social structure: Assessing the re-stratification of Cuban society 60 years after revolution," GIGA Working Papers 315, GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies.

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
    • H5 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies
    • O15 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration

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