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Volkswirtschaftliche Effekte unterschiedlicher Abgabensenkungen in Österreich

Author

Listed:
  • Thomas, Tobias
  • Berger, Johannes
  • Graf, Nikolaus
  • Strohner, Ludwig

Abstract

Österreich weist im internationalen Vergleich eine hohe Abgabenbelastung auf. Das belastet Haushalte und Unternehmen. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht die vorliegende Policy Note mit dem makroökonomischen Modell PuMA in einem ersten Schritt die volkswirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen verschiedener Abgabensenkungen einzeln, nämlich der Körperschaft-, Umsatz- und Einkommensteuer sowie des Beitrags zum FLAF. Die Analyse verdeutlicht die unterschiedlichen Wirkungen verschiedener Abgabensenkungen auf makroökonomische Größen. Eine Reduktion der Einkommensteuer wirkt kurz- und langfristig am positivsten auf die Beschäftigung, den privaten Konsum und die Entwicklung der realen Nettolöhne. Auch die kurzfristigen Wachstumseffekte sind am stärksten. Die zeitliche Dimension ist insbesondere bei der Senkung der Körperschaftsteuer von großer Bedeutung, da diese die volle makroökonomische Wirkung schrittweise über den höheren Kapitalstock entfaltet. Diese Senkung übt die stärksten Effekte auf die privaten Investitionen aus und erhöht längerfristig das BIP am stärksten. Die Auswirkungen auf Beschäftigung und Nettolohnentwicklung, die kurzfristig geringer als bei den anderen Reformen sind, sind längerfristig ähnlich groß wie bei der Senkung der Umsatzsteuer und des FLAF-Beitrags. Die Reduktion dieser beiden Abgaben weist die schwächsten volkswirtschaftlichen Effekte auf. In einem zweiten Schritt werden in der vorliegenden Policy Note die ökonomischen Auswirkungen einer kombinierten Senkung der Abgabenquote auf 40% untersucht. Für die Analyse werden Dienstnehmer- und Dienstgeberabgaben, die Einkommensteuer und die Körperschaftsteuer entsprechend ihrem derzeitigen Anteil an den öffentlichen Einnahmen schrittweise von 2018 bis 2022 um insgesamt 3,4% des BIP reduziert. Durch dieses Maßnahmenpaket würden die Beschäftigung, die Investitionen, das Bruttoinlandsprodukt und der Konsum privater Haushalte deutlich ansteigen und die Arbeitslosigkeit spürbar zurückgehen. Eine solche Reform würde über Wachstumseffekte positive Rückwirkungen auf die öffentlichen Finanzen haben, die die Reform zu rund 40-50% selbst finanzieren würden. Das verbleibende Volumen müsste über das Heben vorhandener Effizienzpotenziale bei den öffentlichen Ausgaben erfolgen. Sollte es gelingen, darüber hinaus weitere Effizienzpotenziale zu heben, so stünden freie Mittel zum Beispiel für die Haushaltskonsolidierung zur Verfügung.

Suggested Citation

  • Thomas, Tobias & Berger, Johannes & Graf, Nikolaus & Strohner, Ludwig, 2017. "Volkswirtschaftliche Effekte unterschiedlicher Abgabensenkungen in Österreich," Policy Notes 19, EcoAustria – Institute for Economic Research.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:ecoapn:19
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Doris Prammer, 2011. "Quality of taxation and the crisis: Tax shifts from a growth perspective," Taxation Papers 29, Directorate General Taxation and Customs Union, European Commission.
    2. Gareth D. Myles, 2009. "Economic Growth and the Role of Taxation - Disaggregate Data," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 715, OECD Publishing.
    3. Jens Matthias Arnold, 2008. "Do Tax Structures Affect Aggregate Economic Growth?: Empirical Evidence from a Panel of OECD Countries," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 643, OECD Publishing.
    4. Gareth D. Myles, 2009. "Economic Growth and the Role of Taxation-Theory," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 713, OECD Publishing.
    5. Berger, Johannes & Strohner, Ludwig & Thomas, Tobias, 2017. "Die Wertschöpfungsabgabe bremst Investitionen und Wohlstand," Policy Notes 16, EcoAustria – Institute for Economic Research.
    6. Gareth D. Myles, 2009. "Economic Growth and the Role of Taxation - Aggregate Data," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 714, OECD Publishing.
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