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Do firm credit constraints impair climate policy?

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  • Kaldorf, Matthias
  • Shi, Mengjie

Abstract

This paper shows that firm credit constraints impair climate policy. Empirically, firms with tighter credit constraints, measured by their distanceto-default, exhibit a relatively smaller emission reduction after a carbon tax increase. We incorporate this channel into a quantitative DSGE model with endogenous credit constraints and carbon taxes. Credit frictions reduce the optimal investment into emission abatement since shareholders are less likely to receive the payoff from such an investment. We find that carbon taxes consistent with net zero emissions are 24 dollars/ton of carbon larger in the presence of endogenous credit constraints than in an economy without such frictions.

Suggested Citation

  • Kaldorf, Matthias & Shi, Mengjie, 2024. "Do firm credit constraints impair climate policy?," Discussion Papers 29/2024, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:bubdps:300704
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Garth Heutel, 2012. "How Should Environmental Policy Respond to Business Cycles? Optimal Policy under Persistent Productivity Shocks," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 15(2), pages 244-264, April.
    2. Merton, Robert C, 1974. "On the Pricing of Corporate Debt: The Risk Structure of Interest Rates," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 29(2), pages 449-470, May.
    3. Joan Farre-Mensa & Alexander Ljungqvist, 2016. "Do Measures of Financial Constraints Measure Financial Constraints?," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 29(2), pages 271-308.
    4. repec:zbw:safewp:345 is not listed on IDEAS
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    Cited by:

    1. Liu, Wenhao & Guo, Yingdong & Li, Shuhui, 2026. "The short-term pain and long-term gain of low-carbon policy for corporate financing," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 834-850.
    2. Srivastava, Prachi & Bloom, Nicholas & Bunn, Philip & Mizen, Paul & Thwaites, Gregory & Yotzov, Ivan, 2026. "Firm climate investment: A glass half-full," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    3. Waidelich, Paul & Krug, Joscha & Steffen, Bjarne, 2025. "Mobilizing credit for clean energy: De-risking and public loan provision under learning spillovers," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    4. Giovanni Covi & Maren Froemel & Dennis Reinhardt & Nora Wegner, 2025. "Climate policy and banks’ portfolio allocation," Bank of England Staff Working Paper series 1149, Bank of England.
    5. Luca Fornaro & Veronica Guerrieri & Lucrezia Reichlin, 2025. "Monetary policy for the green transition," BIS Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 160, May.

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • Q58 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environmental Economics: Government Policy

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