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A Flexible, Heterogeneous Treatment Effects Difference-in-Differences Estimator for Repeated Cross-Sections

Author

Listed:
  • Deb, P.;
  • Norton, E.C.;
  • Wooldridge, J.M.;
  • Zabel, J.E.;

Abstract

This paper proposes a method for estimation of effects in difference -in-differences designs in which the start of treatment is staggered over time and treatment effects are heterogeneous by group, time and covariates, and when the data are repeated cross-sections. We show that a linear-in-parameters regression specification with a sufficiently flexible functional form consisting of group-by-time treatment effects, two-way fixed effects, and interaction terms yields consistent estimates of heterogeneous treatment effects under very general conditions. The estimates are efficient and aggregation of treatment effects and inference are straightforward. We illustrate the use of this model with two empirical examples and provide comparisons to other recently derived estimators.

Suggested Citation

  • Deb, P.; & Norton, E.C.; & Wooldridge, J.M.; & Zabel, J.E.;, 2024. "A Flexible, Heterogeneous Treatment Effects Difference-in-Differences Estimator for Repeated Cross-Sections," Health, Econometrics and Data Group (HEDG) Working Papers 24/17, HEDG, c/o Department of Economics, University of York.
    • Handle: RePEc:yor:hectdg:24/17
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Clément de Chaisemartin & Xavier D'Haultfœuille, 2020. "Two-Way Fixed Effects Estimators with Heterogeneous Treatment Effects," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 110(9), pages 2964-2996, September.
    2. Jeffrey M Wooldridge, 2010. "Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 2, volume 1, number 0262232588, April.
    3. Angélica Meinhofer & Allison Witman & Johanna Catherine Maclean & Yuhua Bao, 2022. "Prenatal substance use policies and newborn health," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 31(7), pages 1452-1467, July.
    4. Christos Andreas Makridis, 2019. "Do Right-to-Work Laws Work? Evidence on Individuals’ Well-Being and Economic Sentiment," Journal of Law and Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 62(4), pages 713-745.
    5. Jonathan Roth, 2022. "Pretest with Caution: Event-Study Estimates after Testing for Parallel Trends," American Economic Review: Insights, American Economic Association, vol. 4(3), pages 305-322, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    difference-in-differences; causal inference; repeated cross-sections; staggered treatment timing; treatment effect heterogeneity; parallel trends;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C21 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models
    • C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models

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