Towards better understanding of complex machine learning models using Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) - case of Credit Scoring modelling

recent years many scientific journals have widely explored the topic of machine learning interpretability. It is important as application of Artificial Intelligence is growing rapidly and its excellent performance is of huge potential for many. There is also need for overcoming the barriers faced by analysts implementing intelligent systems. The biggest one relates to the problem of explaining why the model made a certain prediction. This work brings the topic of methods for understanding a black-box from both the global and local perspective. Numerous agnostic methods aimed at interpreting black-box model behavior and predictions generated by these complex structures are analyzed. Among them are: Permutation Feature Importance, Partial Dependence Plot, Individual Conditional Expectation Curve, Accumulated Local Effects, techniques approximating predictions of the black-box for single observations with surrogate models (interpretable white-boxes) and Shapley values framework. Our prospect leads toward the question to what extent presented tools enhance model transparency. All of the frameworks are examined in practice with a credit default data use case. The overview presented prove that each of the method has some limitations, but overall almost all summarized techniques produce reliable explanations and contribute to higher transparency accountability of decision systems.