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República del Perú: Evaluación de la gobernabilidad política

Author

Listed:
  • J. Mark Payne
  • Fernando Straface
  • Rafael de la Cruz
  • José Antonio Alonso
  • Anja Linder
  • Pablo Alonso ( coord.)

Abstract

Como en la mayoría de los Estados democráticos actuales, en el Perú el sistema político ha evolucionado de estructuras de gobierno caracterizadas por la concentración del poder político y la relativa exclusión de la mayoría de la población del proceso decisorio, a sistemas más inclusivos que tienden a agregar de manera más efectiva los intereses de las mayorías como consecuencia de una mayor competición entre los actores políticos. La conjugación de factores geográficos, culturales, sociales, económicos propios de la historia y evolución política peruana hicieron que en los comienzos de su vida republicana ostentara un grado importante de concentración de poder y bajos niveles de competición política. La existencia de controles leves y apenas formales sobre el Poder Ejecutivo, y un tipo de contienda política caracterizada por el faccionalismo, hizo que los distintos grupos que competían por influencia lo hicieran para promover agendas particulares en detrimento del interés general. Desde los años sesenta ha habido procesos de transformación política. Sin embargo, el aumento de la participación y de la diversidad de opciones políticas no ha bastado para desarrollar un tejido jurídicoinstitucional que conduzca a la eliminación de las desigualdades históricas y a la promoción del desarrollo económico y social sostenible. Esta incapacidad del sistema político peruano tuvo y tiene sus raíces en el carácter faccional de la competición política (Gráfico 1), el cual se ha traducido en una excesiva concentración del poder político que se expresa en un centralismo exacerbado, la concentración de la toma de decisiones en la presidencia, la ineficacia de los mecanismos de rendición de cuentas en el ámbito político, social y judicial, y en las marcadas desigualdades sociales.

Suggested Citation

  • J. Mark Payne & Fernando Straface & Rafael de la Cruz & José Antonio Alonso & Anja Linder & Pablo Alonso ( coord.), 2007. "República del Perú: Evaluación de la gobernabilidad política," Estudios e Informes del Instituto Complutense de Estudios Internacionales 01, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto Complutense de Estudios Internacionales.
  • Handle: RePEc:ucm:estuin:01
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    References listed on IDEAS

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