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Economic, occupational and livelihood changes of scheduled tribes of North East India

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  • Reimeingam Marchang

    (Institute for Social and Economic Change)

Abstract

The paper examines the changing livelihood system from agriculture-based towards non-agricultural-based system of Scheduled Tribes (STs) of North Eastern Region. Agricultural households continue to be prominent; however, non-agricultural households are growing in rural areas. In urban areas, non-agricultural households are rapidly growing. However, agriculture, shifting cultivation in particular, continues to be a prominent means of livelihood for some of them. Concerning employment, agriculture employment has declined largely due to the significant decline among cultivators. Employment in non-agriculture sector has improved largely driven by development, particularly education. ST’s means of livelihood has converged from subsistence agricultural income towards diversified modern market-oriented employment and economy. It portrays the convergence of the livelihood system from agriculture to non-agriculture. It is evident from three facts as follows: decline of agricultural households while non-agricultural households increase; decline of agricultural income while non-agricultural income rises; and shift of employment from agricultural to non-agricultural activities.

Suggested Citation

  • Reimeingam Marchang, 2019. "Economic, occupational and livelihood changes of scheduled tribes of North East India," Working Papers 442, Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bangalore.
    • Handle: RePEc:sch:wpaper:442
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Philip Stevens & Martin Weale, 2004. "Education and Economic Growth," Chapters, in: Geraint Johnes & Jill Johnes (ed.), International Handbook on the Economics of Education, chapter 4, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    2. Bob Anderton, 1997. "UK Labour Market Reforms and Sectoral Wage Formation," National Institute of Economic and Social Research (NIESR) Discussion Papers 121, National Institute of Economic and Social Research.
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