IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/pra/mprapa/72937.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Poverty across the Agro-Ecological Zones in Rural Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Arif, Ghulam-Muhammad
  • Ahmad, Munir

Abstract

Thc major objective of this paper was to review the studies relating to poverty analysis in Pakistan. The results of these have shown that the poverty has increased during the 90s overall as well as in rural and urban areas, after experiencing downward trends during the 80s. Besides, the gap between rural and urban poverty has also widened. The recent estimates show that morc than one-third of our population lives in extreme poverty, and around 70 percent of these unfortunate people reside in rural areas. The results based on agro-ecological divisions of the country indicate that poverty is lowest in the barani arias of the Punjab because or better opportunities in terms of employment in other sectors, particularly, the services sector as well as overseas migration. The highest is observed in Balochistan may be due to nonavailability of irrigation water and low rainfall making dwellers more vulnerable to droughts seriously affecting the crops and the livestock which are the main sources of their livelihood. Poverty is widely spread in irrigated areas of the country particularly in Southern Punjab and Sindh where feudal system still prevails. Job opportunities outside agriculture are limited and migration within the country or overseas is not a common phenomenon in these areas of the country. On the one hand there is a need to carry out more research to understand better the phenomenon of poverty across the agro-ecological zones, and on the other, poverty alleviation programs should focus on those areas where the incidence of poverty is alarmingly high.

Suggested Citation

  • Arif, Ghulam-Muhammad & Ahmad, Munir, 2001. "Poverty across the Agro-Ecological Zones in Rural Pakistan," MPRA Paper 72937, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2001.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:72937
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/72937/1/MPRA_paper_72937.pdf
    File Function: original version
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    Other versions of this item:

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sohail j. Malik, 1992. "Rural Poverty in Pakistan: Some Recent Evidence," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 31(4), pages 975-995.
    2. Aldi Hagenaars & Klaas de Vos, 1988. "The Definition and Measurement of Poverty," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 23(2), pages 211-221.
    3. G. M. Arif & Hina Nazli & Rashida Haq, 2000. "Rural Non-agriculture Employment and Poverty in Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 39(4), pages 1089-1110.
    4. Sarfraz K. Qureshi & G. M. Arif, 2001. "Profile of Poverty in Pakistan, 1998-99," MIMAP Technical Paper Series 2001:05, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics.
    5. Rashid Amjad & A.R. Kemal, 1997. "Macroeconomic Policies and their Impact on Poverty Alleviation in Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 36(1), pages 39-68.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Rashid Amjad & G. M. Arif & Usman Mustafa, 2008. "Does the Labor Market Structure Explain Differences in Poverty in Rural Punjab?," Lahore Journal of Economics, Department of Economics, The Lahore School of Economics, vol. 13(Special E), pages 139-162, September.
    2. Munir Ahmad, 2003. "Agricultural Productivity, Efficiency, and Rural Poverty in Irrigated Pakistan: A Stochastic Production FrontiermAnalysis," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 42(3), pages 219-248.
    3. Kifayat Ullah & M. Tariq Majeed & Ghulam Mustafa, 2020. "Exploring Spatial Patterns and Determinants of Poverty: New Evidence from Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 59(3), pages 439-459.
    4. G. M. Arif, 2004. "Child Health and Poverty in Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 43(3), pages 211-238.
    5. Ahmad, Munir & Croraton, Caesar & Qayyum, Abdul & Iqbal, Muhammad & Dorosh, Paul, 2005. "Impact of Domestic Policies towards Agricultural Trade Liberalization and Market Reform on Food Security in Pakistan," MPRA Paper 72932, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    6. repec:ilo:ilowps:367533 is not listed on IDEAS
    7. Amara Amjad Hashmi & Maqbool H. Sial & Maaida Hussain Hashmi, 2008. "Trends and Determinants of Rural Poverty: A Logistic Regression Analysis of Selected Districts of Punjab," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 47(4), pages 909-923.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Najam, Zaira, 2020. "The Sensitivity of Poverty Trends to Dimensionality and Distribution Sensitivity in Poverty Measures - District Level Analysis for Pakistan," MPRA Paper 102383, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Rashida Haq & Mohammad Ali Bhatti, 2001. "Estimating Poverty in Pakistan The Non-food Consumption Share Approach," PIDE-Working Papers 2001:183, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics.
    3. A. R. Kemal, 2003. "Structural Adjustment and Poverty in Pakistan," MIMAP Technical Paper Series 2003:14, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics.
    4. Imran Sharif Chaudhry & Shahnawaz Malik & Abo ul Hassan, 2009. "The Impact of Socioeconomic and Demographic Variables on Poverty: A Village Study," Lahore Journal of Economics, Department of Economics, The Lahore School of Economics, vol. 14(1), pages 39-68, Jan-Jun.
    5. repec:ilo:ilowps:392050 is not listed on IDEAS
    6. Sarfraz K. Qureshi & G. M. Arif, 2001. "Profile of Poverty in Pakistan, 1998-99," MIMAP Technical Paper Series 2001:05, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics.
    7. Munir Ahmad, 2003. "Agricultural Productivity, Efficiency, and Rural Poverty in Irrigated Pakistan: A Stochastic Production FrontiermAnalysis," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 42(3), pages 219-248.
    8. Rashid Amjad & Musleh Ud Din & Idrees Khawaja & Nasir Iqbal & Ahmad Waqar Qasim, 2012. "The 7th Nfc Award: An Evaluation," PIDE Monograph Series 2012:5, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics.
    9. Usman Mustafa & Waqar Malik & Mohammad Sharif, 2001. "Globalisation and Its Implications for Agriculture, Food Security, and Poverty in Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 40(4), pages 767-786.
    10. Nasir Iqbal & Masood Sarwar Awan, 2015. "Determinants of Urban Poverty: The Case of Medium Sized City in Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 54(4), pages 719-738.
    11. Mahmood, Moazam., 2006. "Poverty reduction in Pakistan : the strategic impact of macro and employment policies," ILO Working Papers 993920503402676, International Labour Organization.
    12. Talat Anwar & Sarfraz K. Qureshi, 2002. "Trends in Absolute Poverty in Pakistan: 1990-91 and 2001," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 41(4), pages 859-878.
    13. Mohammad, Irfan, 2007. "Poverty Alleviation and Social Protection in Pakistan," MPRA Paper 38156, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    14. Talat Anwar, 2010. "Role of Growth and Inequality in Explaining Changes in Poverty in Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 49(1), pages 1-17.
    15. G. M. Arif, 2004. "Child Health and Poverty in Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 43(3), pages 211-238.
    16. Mohammad Afzal, 2007. "The Impact of Globalisation on Economic Growth of Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 46(4), pages 723-734.
    17. A.R. Kemal & M. Irfan & G. M. Arif, 2001. "MIMAP SYNTHESIS REPORT: Major Conclusions and Policy Implications," MIMAP Technical Paper Series 2001:03, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics.
    18. Afsah Khalid & Dr. Qaiser Munir, 2024. "The Determinants of Household Poverty and Expenditure Inequality in Pakistan: Evidence from the Household Income and Expenditure Survey," Social Inequality Lab Working Paper Series wpsil5, School of Economics and Social Sciences, IBA Karachi.
    19. repec:pid:wpaper:2012:5 is not listed on IDEAS
    20. Imran Sharif Chaudhry & Shahnawaz Malik & Asma Imran, 2006. "Urban Poverty and Governance: The Case of Multan City," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 45(4), pages 819-830.
    21. Tilat Anwar, 2002. "Unsustainable Debt Burden and Poverty in Pakistan: A Case for Enhanced HIPC Initiative," WIDER Working Paper Series DP2002-53, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    22. Tilat Anwar, 2002. "Impact of Globalization and Liberalization on Growth, Employment and Poverty: A Case Study of Pakistan," WIDER Working Paper Series DP2002-17, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Poverty; ecological zones; Punjab; Pakistan;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O10 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - General

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:72937. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Joachim Winter (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/vfmunde.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.