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Modelling Tourism-Environmental Pollution-Health Outcomes Nexus in Africa

Author

Listed:
  • Raifu, Isiaka
  • Airohi-alikor, Priscilla

Abstract

This study used JKS Granger non-causality and 3SLS to examine causal interactions among tourism arrivals, environmental pollution and health outcomes in Africa. The causality results revealed a Granger-caused relationship between tourism arrivals, environmental pollution, and health outcomes. The 3SLS results indicated that tourism is positively linked with health outcomes and environmental pollution, while tourism and health outcomes are also positively related to environmental pollution. Our findings suggest that the government should prioritise sustainable tourism.

Suggested Citation

  • Raifu, Isiaka & Airohi-alikor, Priscilla, 2025. "Modelling Tourism-Environmental Pollution-Health Outcomes Nexus in Africa," MPRA Paper 127414, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 20 Dec 2025.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:127414
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • I00 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - General - - - General
    • L83 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Services - - - Sports; Gambling; Restaurants; Recreation; Tourism
    • Q53 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling

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