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Сколько Прав Нужно Человеку: Взлет И Падение Либерализма
[How many rights does a human need: The rise and fall of liberalism]

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  • Popov, Vladimir

Abstract

The main idea of liberalism – the inviolability of “inalienable human rights” – is considered in a historical context, not as an eternal principle, but as a changing moral and legal norm. It is argued that the economic success of the West during the transition to capitalism is associated not so much with the expansion of human rights (the abolition of slavery and serfdom, guarantees of property rights and contracts), but with an increase in the rate of savings and investment resulting from the destruction of the community and growing inequality in income distribution. The expansion of human rights becomes a consequence of economic success, a kind of luxury that successful and competitive countries can afford. Later, however, the inability to curb these rights in a variety of areas (regulation of incomes and progressive taxation to cut income and wealth inequalities, limiting the greenhouse gas emissions, coping with populism in the media and in politics) breeds internal conflicts, reduces competitiveness as compared to societies that do not hesitate to limit the rights of individuals for the sake of the common good. Explanation is provided for the changes in the electoral base of right and left parties (Piketty, 2018) – immediately after the Second World War, left parties were supported mainly by the poor and uneducated, whereas today, on the contrary, more educated and wealthier are more leftist oriented. =============================== Главная идея либерализма – нерушимость прав человека – рассматривается в историческом контексте, не как вечный неизменный принцип, а как меняющаяся моральная и правовая норма. Доказывается, что экономический успех Запада при переходе к капитализму связан не столько с расширением прав человека (отмена рабства и крепостничества, гарантии прав собственности и контрактов), сколько с повышением нормы сбережений и инвестиций при разрушении общины и росте неравенства в распределении доходов. Расширение же прав человека становится следствием экономического успеха, своего рода роскошью, которую могут себе позволить успешные и конкурентоспособные страны. В дальнейшем, однако, отсутствие готовности ограничить права человека в самых разных областях (отказ от прогрессивного налогообложения и активного регулирования доходов, ведущий к росту неравенства, нерешительность в ограничении выбросов парниковых газов в богатых странах, неспособность справиться с популизмом в медиа-пространстве и в политике) стимулирует внутренние конфликты, снижает конкурентоспособность и вызывает отставание от стран, более решительно ограничивающих права индивидуумов ради общего блага. Объясняется эффект изменения электоральной базы правых и левых партий (Piketty, 2018) – сразу после второй мировой войны за левые партии голосовали в основном бедные и необразованные, а сегодня, наоборот, более образованные и богатые.

Suggested Citation

  • Popov, Vladimir, 2024. "Сколько Прав Нужно Человеку: Взлет И Падение Либерализма [How many rights does a human need: The rise and fall of liberalism]," MPRA Paper 120479, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:120479
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Popov, Vladimir, 2019. "Billionaires, millionaires, inequality, and happiness," MPRA Paper 94081, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Popov, Vladimir, 2020. "How to Deal with a Coronavirus Economic Recession?," MPRA Paper 100485, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Popov, Vladimir, 2015. "Catching Up: Developing Countries in Pursuit of Growth," MPRA Paper 65878, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Vladimir Popov, 1999. "The Financial System in Russia Compared to Other Transition Economies: The Anglo-American Versus the German-Japanese Model*," Comparative Economic Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Association for Comparative Economic Studies, vol. 41(1), pages 1-42, April.
    5. Popov, Vladimir, 2011. "Developing new measurements of State institutional capacity," MPRA Paper 32389, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    6. Matthew Gentzkow & Jesse M. Shapiro, 2010. "What Drives Media Slant? Evidence From U.S. Daily Newspapers," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 78(1), pages 35-71, January.
    7. Popov, Vladimir, 2014. "Mixed Fortunes: An Economic History of China, Russia, and the West," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780198703631.
    8. Popov, Vladimir, 2023. "Can China maintain high growth rates under the “dual-circulation” decoupling?," MPRA Paper 117953, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. Popov, Vladimir, 2018. "Paradoxes of Happiness: Why People Feel More Comfortable With High Inequalities And High Murder Rates?," MPRA Paper 87118, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Polterovich, Victor & Popov, Vladimir, 2005. "Democracy and Growth Reconsidered: Why Economic Performance of New Democracies is not Encouraging," MPRA Paper 21606, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Popov, Vladimir, 2020. "Global health care system after coronavirus: Who has responsibility to protect," MPRA Paper 100542, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    12. Popov, Vladimir, 2023. "Why the rich and the poor value freedom and equality differently," MPRA Paper 116563, University Library of Munich, Germany.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Liberalism; growth; human rights; East Asian model;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • B51 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - Current Heterodox Approaches - - - Socialist; Marxian; Sraffian
    • P16 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Capitalist Economies - - - Capitalist Institutions; Welfare State
    • P17 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Capitalist Economies - - - Performance and Prospects
    • P26 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Socialist and Transition Economies - - - Property Rights
    • P27 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Socialist and Transition Economies - - - Performance and Prospects
    • P48 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Other Economic Systems - - - Legal Institutions; Property Rights; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Regional Studies
    • P5 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Comparative Economic Systems
    • P50 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Comparative Economic Systems - - - General

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