IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/pra/mprapa/103996.html

Development and Validation of Survey Questionnaire & Experimental Data – A Systematical Review-based Statistical Approach

Author

Listed:
  • Aithal, Architha
  • Aithal, Sreeramana

Abstract

In quantitative research methodology, the empirical research method is finding importance due to its effectiveness in carrying out research in social sciences, business management, and health sciences. The empirical research method contains the procedure of developing a model to find the relationship between different variables identified in a problem. Based on developing hypotheses and testing hypotheses, one can examine and improve the model to explain real-world phenomena. The empirical research method consists of using a survey-based questionnaire to collect the data to identify and interrelate variables present in the problem. It is a comparatively difficult task to design and develop an effective, efficient, and psychometrically perfect questionnaire to be used for research data collection in empirical and clinical research settings. This paper provides a reference on guidelines and framework for developing suitable questionnaires for use in social sciences, business management, medical, and paramedical research with a special emphasis on various stages of questionnaire preparation, preliminary questionnaire testing, and validation (reliability & validity) of the questionnaire using a number of statistical methods. The paper throws light on data collection and analysis stages before the finalization of the developed model for testing hypotheses in empirical research by providing guidelines for the design, development, and translation of questionnaires for application in the above-mentioned research fields. The different types of validation processes required for cleaning the data by various measuring instruments in experimental research are also discussed for comparison. A framework is suggested to guide researchers through the various stages of questionnaire design, development, and improvement using suitable statistical methods to assess the reliability and validity of the questionnaire used in empirical research and validation of the data obtained in experimental research.

Suggested Citation

  • Aithal, Architha & Aithal, Sreeramana, 2020. "Development and Validation of Survey Questionnaire & Experimental Data – A Systematical Review-based Statistical Approach," MPRA Paper 103996, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:103996
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/103996/1/MPRA_paper_103996.pdf
    File Function: original version
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Pushkin Kachroo & Sheen Kachen, 2018. "Item placement for questionnaire design for optimal reliability," Journal of Marketing Analytics, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 6(4), pages 120-126, December.
    2. Hamed Taherdoost, 2016. "Validity and Reliability of the Research Instrument; How to Test the Validation of a Questionnaire/Survey in a Research," Post-Print hal-02546799, HAL.
    3. Aithal, Sreeramana, 2016. "Review on Various Ideal System Models Used to Improve the Characteristics of Practical Systems," MPRA Paper 74395, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 20 Sep 2016.
    4. Hamed Taherdoost, 2016. "Sampling Methods in Research Methodology; How to Choose a Sampling Technique for Research," Post-Print hal-02546796, HAL.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Gabriel M Barrile & Riley F Bernard & Rebecca C Wilcox & Justine A Becker & Michael E Dillon & Rebecca R Thomas-Kuzilik & Sara P Bombaci & Bethann Garramon Merkle, 2023. "Equity, community, and accountability: Leveraging a department-level climate survey as a tool for action," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 18(8), pages 1-23, August.
    2. Benjamin Bett Cheruiyot & Prof. Williter Rop & Dr. Lucy Jumah, 2025. "Work Design, Work-Family Conflict and Mental Health – A Case of National Police Service Officers in South-Rift, Kenya," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 9(9), pages 5284-5296, September.
    3. Krishna Chakravarty & Jagannath Singh, 2024. "A dissection of agile software development in changing scenario and the sustainable path ahead," International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management, Springer;The Society for Reliability, Engineering Quality and Operations Management (SREQOM),India, and Division of Operation and Maintenance, Lulea University of Technology, Sweden, vol. 15(6), pages 2606-2622, June.
    4. Ahmad A. Shahba & Zaid Alashban & Ibrahim Sales & Abdelrahman Y. Sherif & Osman Yusuf, 2022. "Development and Evaluation of Interactive Flipped e-Learning (iFEEL) for Pharmacy Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-19, March.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Aithal, Architha & Aithal, Sreeramana, 2020. "Development and Validation of Survey Questionnaire and Experimental Data – A Systematical Review-based Statistical Approach," MPRA Paper 104830, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Hamed Taherdoost, 2022. "How to Conduct an Effective Interview; A Guide to Interview Design in Research Study Authors," Post-Print hal-03741838, HAL.
    3. Hayati Ibrahim & Manohar Mariapan & Evelyn Lim Ai Lin & Sheena Bidin, 2021. "Wildlife Conservation through Economically Responsible Ecotourist: The Mediator Roles of Attitude between Anticipated Emotion and Intention to Stay in Local Homestays," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-16, August.
    4. Charelle P. Tecson, 2025. "Climate Change: Knowledge and Practices of Selected Households in a Municipality of Northern Mindanao," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 9(6), pages 4263-4274, June.
    5. Yvonne Nduku Mulei & Xavier Francis Ichani, 2025. "Health Care Access and Service Delivery in Relations to the Right to Health and Universal Health Coverage: A Case of Machakos County, Kenya (2019-2024)," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 9(5), pages 3857-3870, May.
    6. Azman Ahmad Tajuddin. & Hidayu Shafie, 2025. "Peer Interaction in English Speaking Skills," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 9(24), pages 651-659, October.
    7. Rehman, Anisur & Behera, Rajat Kumar & Islam, Md Saiful & Elahi, Yasir Arafat & Abbasi, Faraz Ahmad & Imtiaz, Asma, 2024. "Drivers of metaverse adoption for enhancing marketing capabilities of retail SMEs," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    8. Markose Chekol Zewdie & Michele Moretti & Daregot Berihun Tenessa & Zemen Ayalew Ayele & Jan Nyssen & Enyew Adgo Tsegaye & Amare Sewnet Minale & Steven Van Passel, 2021. "Agricultural Technical Efficiency of Smallholder Farmers in Ethiopia: A Stochastic Frontier Approach," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-17, March.
    9. Yoshihiro Zenno & Kentaka Aruga, 2022. "Institutional Investors’ Willingness to Pay for Green Bonds: A Case for Shanghai," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-16, November.
    10. Nor Azizi Bin Nasrudin & Norhafiz Bin Nasrudin, 2025. "Exploring Factors Influencing Mobile Learning Acceptance Among Educators," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 9(9), pages 2315-2326, September.
    11. Eric Kwadwo Amissah & Kwabena Nduro & Phoebe Ama Quansah, 2024. "Towards Greener Printing: Examining Waste Disposal Innovations in the Ghanaian Printing Industry," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 8(3), pages 1244-1264, March.
    12. Ostovan, Nima & Khalili Nasr, Arash, 2022. "The manifestation of luxury value dimensions in brand engagement in self-concept," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    13. Katarina Kostelić, 2021. "Game Awareness: A Questionnaire," Games, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-39, December.
    14. Violetta Luzie Neusuess, 2020. "An Investigation of the Factors Influencing UAE Nationals to undertake Technical and Vocational Education," Technium Social Sciences Journal, Technium Science, vol. 9(1), pages 95-113, July.
    15. repec:arp:tjssrr:2019:p:1016-1024 is not listed on IDEAS
    16. Dr. Gathoni Ndung'u Benson (Ph.D) & Dr. Simon Munayi (Ph.D) & Dr. Janet Wanjira (Ph.D) & Prof. Daniel Apaak & Dr. Evans Kwako Amakye, 2024. "Online Sports Betting and Demographic Factors' Effects on Student-Athletes' Mental Health," International Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Sports, IPR Journals and Book Publishers, vol. 2(2), pages 1-11.
    17. Vecchio, Yari & De Rosa, Marcello & Adinolfi, Felice & Bartoli, Luca & Masi, Margherita, 2020. "Adoption of precision farming tools: A context-related analysis," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    18. Hamed Taherdoost, 2021. "Data Collection Methods and Tools for Research; A Step-by-Step Guide to Choose Data Collection Technique for Academic and Business Research Projects," Post-Print hal-03741847, HAL.
    19. H., Sujaya & S., Meghana & Aithal, Sreeramana, 2019. "Challenges Associated with Running A Green Business in India and Other Developing Countries," MPRA Paper 95163, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    20. Thomas Odongo Ololo & Dr. Mary Anyango Onditi & Dr. Benard Mwebi, 2024. "Influence of Principals’ Reward System on Academic Performance in Kisii County, Kenya," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 8(5), pages 1011-1031, May.
    21. Mohammed Al-Abri & Christopher Denman & Mubarak Al Alawi & Maryam Al Ajmi, 2024. "Enhancing employability through university-industry linkages: Omani engineering students’ perspectives of the Eidaad internship programme," Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-13, December.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    JEL classification:

    • B40 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - Economic Methodology - - - General
    • C8 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs
    • C81 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs - - - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Microeconomic Data; Data Access
    • C82 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs - - - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Macroeconomic Data; Data Access
    • C83 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs - - - Survey Methods; Sampling Methods
    • C88 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs - - - Other Computer Software
    • C9 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Design of Experiments
    • C90 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Design of Experiments - - - General
    • M10 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Business Administration - - - General

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:103996. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Joachim Winter (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/vfmunde.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.