IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/osf/thesis/c4wz5.html

Exploring the Long-Term Health Consequences of ADHD using a Multivariable Mendelian Randomization Network Approach

Author

Listed:
  • de Boer, Nina Sofie

Abstract

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been associated with adulthood chronic physical illnesses such as coronary artery disease (CAD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the potential causes and mediators which underlie this relationship – such as alcohol use, smoking and educational attainment (EA) –, have not yet been studied simultaneously. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between ADHD, CAD, COPD and these potential causes and mediators by construing a direct causal network using genetic information in a multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) design. After examining how the individual traits were associated to each other by estimating the genetic (partial) correlations, the total and direct causal effects of the traits on each other were examined using univariable and multivariable MR. The analyses demonstrated evidence for the following direct causal pathway: lower EA increases risk of ADHD diagnosis, causing an increased risk of smoking initiation, causing increased COPD risk. No significant causal relationship between ADHD and CAD could be identified. Future studies should address the reliability and validity of the demonstrated relationships.

Suggested Citation

  • de Boer, Nina Sofie, 2020. "Exploring the Long-Term Health Consequences of ADHD using a Multivariable Mendelian Randomization Network Approach," Thesis Commons c4wz5, Center for Open Science.
    • Handle: RePEc:osf:thesis:c4wz5
    DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/c4wz5
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://osf.io/download/5f0c6504c91a2000d5b16ff9/
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.31219/osf.io/c4wz5?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Epskamp, Sacha & Cramer, Angélique O.J. & Waldorp, Lourens J. & Schmittmann, Verena D. & Borsboom, Denny, 2012. "qgraph: Network Visualizations of Relationships in Psychometric Data," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 48(i04).
    2. Hyunseung Kang & Anru Zhang & T. Tony Cai & Dylan S. Small, 2016. "Instrumental Variables Estimation With Some Invalid Instruments and its Application to Mendelian Randomization," Journal of the American Statistical Association, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 111(513), pages 132-144, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Cui-Hong Cao & Gordon L. Flett & I-Hua Chen & Xue-Lian Wang & Xing-Yong Jiang & Liang Zhao & Wei-Ming Zheng & Ya-Xing Sun, 2025. "The associations between three mattering measures and exhaustion, loneliness, self-esteem, and hope across different educational levels: insights from primary, middle, high school, and university students," Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 12(1), pages 1-14, December.
    2. Georgia Mangion & Melanie Simmonds-Buckley & Stephen Kellett & Peter Taylor & Amy Degnan & Charlotte Humphrey & Kate Freshwater & Marisa Poggioli & Cristina Fiorani, 2022. "Modelling Identity Disturbance: A Network Analysis of the Personality Structure Questionnaire (PSQ)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-17, October.
    3. Dylan G. E. Gomes & James J. Ruzicka & Lisa G. Crozier & David D. Huff & Richard D. Brodeur & Joshua D. Stewart, 2024. "Marine heatwaves disrupt ecosystem structure and function via altered food webs and energy flux," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.
    4. Xiao Yang & Nilam Ram & Scott D. Gest & David M. Lydon-Staley & David E. Conroy & Aaron L. Pincus & Peter C. M. Molenaar, 2018. "Socioemotional Dynamics of Emotion Regulation and Depressive Symptoms: A Person-Specific Network Approach," Complexity, Hindawi, vol. 2018, pages 1-14, November.
    5. Nicolas Apfel, 2019. "Relaxing the Exclusion Restriction in Shift-Share Instrumental Variable Estimation," Papers 1907.00222, arXiv.org, revised Jul 2022.
    6. Xiaoliu Jiang & Yingfei Lu & Youjuan Hong & Ying Zhang & Lijun Chen, 2022. "A Network Comparison of Motives behind Online Sexual Activities and Problematic Pornography Use during the COVID-19 Outbreak and the Post-Pandemic Period," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-16, May.
    7. Stéphanie Baggio & Sally M. Gainsbury & André Berchtold & Katia Iglesias, 2016. "Co-morbidity of gambling and Internet use among Internet and land-based gamblers: classic and network approaches," International Gambling Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 16(3), pages 500-517, September.
    8. Derek De Beurs, 2017. "Network Analysis: A Novel Approach to Understand Suicidal Behaviour," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-8, February.
    9. Marija Janković & Jelle Sijtsema & Stefan Bogaerts, 2026. "A Network Analysis of Social and Leisure Activities, Resilience, and Mental Health: Differences by Adverse Childhood Experiences," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 27(2), pages 1-26, February.
    10. Scovell, Mitchell & McCrea, Rod & Walton, Andrea & Poruschi, Lavinia, 2024. "Local acceptance of solar farms: The impact of energy narratives," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PB).
    11. Nicola Barban & Elisabetta De Cao & Sonia Oreffice, 2016. "Assortative Mating on Education: A Genetic Assessment," Economics Series Working Papers 791, University of Oxford, Department of Economics.
    12. Frank Windmeijer & Xiaoran Liang & Fernando P. Hartwig & Jack Bowden, 2021. "The confidence interval method for selecting valid instrumental variables," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 83(4), pages 752-776, September.
    13. Olmez Turan, Merve & Gilbert, Ben & Flamand, Tulay, 2025. "How good are weather shocks for identifying energy elasticities? A LASSO-IV approach to European natural gas demand," Journal of Commodity Markets, Elsevier, vol. 39(C).
    14. Miguel Ángel Castellanos & Berta Ausín & Sara Bestea & Clara González-Sanguino & Manuel Muñoz, 2020. "A Network Analysis of Major Depressive Disorder Symptoms and Age- and Gender-Related Differences in People over 65 in a Madrid Community Sample (Spain)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-13, December.
    15. Qingliang Fan & Zijian Guo & Ziwei Mei, 2022. "A Heteroskedasticity-Robust Overidentifying Restriction Test with High-Dimensional Covariates," Papers 2205.00171, arXiv.org, revised May 2024.
    16. Rosember Guerra-Urzola & Katrijn Van Deun & Juan C. Vera & Klaas Sijtsma, 2021. "A Guide for Sparse PCA: Model Comparison and Applications," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 86(4), pages 893-919, December.
    17. Zainal, Nur Hani & Foo, Cheryl Yunn Shee & Teo, Irene & Sung, Sharon C., 2025. "Longitudinal network analysis of resilience factors and mental health symptoms among healthcare workers during a public health emergency," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 386(C).
    18. Satoyo Oya & Mayumi Takahashi & Kazuya Takashima & Tetsuji Kakutani & Soichi Inagaki, 2022. "Transcription-coupled and epigenome-encoded mechanisms direct H3K4 methylation," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-16, December.
    19. Hans (J.L.W.) van Kippersluis & Niels (C.A.) Rietveld, 2017. "Beyond Plausibly Exogenous," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 17-096/V, Tinbergen Institute.
    20. Xiaoran Liang & Eleanor Sanderson & Frank Windmeijer, 2022. "Selecting Valid Instrumental Variables in Linear Models with Multiple Exposure Variables: Adaptive Lasso and the Median-of-Medians Estimator," Papers 2208.05278, arXiv.org.

    More about this item

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:osf:thesis:c4wz5. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: OSF (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://thesiscommons.org .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.