IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/osf/socarx/64nxu_v1.html

Price Setting, Free Riding, and Equilibrium

Author

Listed:
  • Lee, Woongki

    (Yonsei University)

Abstract

We analyze strategic interaction among investors by distinguishing between price taking and price setting. The analysis shows that as price setting becomes more prevalent, equilibrium prices fall. Because this lower price benefits price takers as well as price setters, price taking can be understood as free riding on price setting. The gains from the lower price are distributed more heavily toward price takers. This asymmetry creates relative-comparison concerns, which can distort incentives and discourage price setting even when it would increase aggregate utility. We examine this problem through a pricing game and derive implications for strategic behavior and equilibrium outcomes.

Suggested Citation

  • Lee, Woongki, 2026. "Price Setting, Free Riding, and Equilibrium," SocArXiv 64nxu_v1, Center for Open Science.
    • Handle: RePEc:osf:socarx:64nxu_v1
    DOI: 10.31235/osf.io/64nxu_v1
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://osf.io/download/6a758c95a8dd9862131fb74a/
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.31235/osf.io/64nxu_v1?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Robin Greenwood & Dimitri Vayanos, 2014. "Bond Supply and Excess Bond Returns," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 27(3), pages 663-713.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Fritz Breuss, 2016. "The Crisis Management of the ECB," WIFO Working Papers 507, WIFO.
    2. Zhengyang Jiang & Robert J. Richmond & Tony Zhang, 2024. "A Portfolio Approach to Global Imbalances," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 79(3), pages 2025-2076, June.
    3. Koijen, Ralph S.J. & Koulischer, François & Nguyen, Benoît & Yogo, Motohiro, 2021. "Inspecting the mechanism of quantitative easing in the euro area," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 140(1), pages 1-20.
    4. Robin Greenwood & Samuel Hanson & Dimitri Vayanos, 2024. "Supply and Demand and the Term Structure of Interest Rates," Annual Review of Financial Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 16(1), pages 115-151, November.
    5. James D. Hamilton, 2018. "The Efficacy of Large-Scale Asset Purchases When the Short-Term Interest Rate Is at Its Effective Lower Bound," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 49(2 (Fall)), pages 543-554.
    6. Peter Carr & Liuren Wu, 2023. "Decomposing Long Bond Returns: A Decentralized Theory," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 27(3), pages 997-1026.
    7. Howard Kung & Gonzalo Morales & Alexandre Corhay, 2017. "Fiscal Discount Rates and Debt Maturity," 2017 Meeting Papers 840, Society for Economic Dynamics.
    8. Liu, Yan & Wu, Jing Cynthia, 2021. "Reconstructing the yield curve," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 142(3), pages 1395-1425.
    9. Iryna Kaminska & Gabriele Zinna, 2020. "Official Demand for U.S. Debt: Implications for U.S. Real Rates," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 52(2-3), pages 323-364, March.
    10. Matthew Canzoneri & Robert Cumby & Behzad Diba, 2015. "Monetary Policy and the Natural Rate of Interest," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 47(2-3), pages 383-414, March.
    11. Massimo Guidolin & Manuela Pedio, 2019. "Forecasting and Trading Monetary Policy Effects on the Riskless Yield Curve with Regime Switching Nelson†Siegel Models," Working Papers 639, IGIER (Innocenzo Gasparini Institute for Economic Research), Bocconi University.
    12. Alpanda, Sami & Aysun, Uluc & Kabaca, Serdar, 2024. "International portfolio rebalancing and fiscal policy spillovers," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    13. Don H. Kim & Marcel A. Priebsch, 2020. "Are Shadow Rate Models of the Treasury Yield Curve Structurally Stable?," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2020-061, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    14. Hohberger, Stefan & Priftis, Romanos & Vogel, Lukas, 2020. "The distributional effects of conventional monetary policy and quantitative easing: Evidence from an estimated DSGE model," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 113(C).
    15. Antonio Diez de los Rios & Maral Shamloo, 2017. "Quantitative Easing and Long-Term Yields in Small Open Economies," IMF Working Papers 2017/212, International Monetary Fund.
    16. D’Amico, Stefania & King, Thomas B., 2013. "Flow and stock effects of large-scale treasury purchases: Evidence on the importance of local supply," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 108(2), pages 425-448.
    17. Chris Anderson & Weiling Liu, 2024. "Inferring Intermediary Risk Exposure from Trade," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 70(10), pages 6966-6982, October.
    18. Gil Nogueira & Luísa Farinha & Laura Blattner, 2024. "Not All Shocks Are Created Equal: Assessing Heterogeneity in the Bank Lending Channel," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 70(10), pages 6942-6965, October.
    19. Kathi Schlepper & Heiko Hofer & Ryan Riordan & Andreas Schrimpf, 2017. "Scarcity effects of QE: A transaction-level analysis in the Bund market," BIS Working Papers 625, Bank for International Settlements.
    20. Taeyoung Doh, 2010. "The efficacy of large-scale asset purchases at the zero lower bound," Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, vol. 95(Q II), pages 5-34.

    More about this item

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:osf:socarx:64nxu_v1. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: OSF (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://socarxiv.org .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.