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Where there is smoke: Solid fuel externalities, gender, and adult respiratory health in India

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  • Gupta, Aashish

Abstract

Chronic respiratory conditions are a leading cause of death in the world. Using data on lung obstruction from the WHO Survey of Global AGEing and Adult Health (WHO-SAGE 2007-08), this paper studies the determinants of respiratory health in India, home to a third of all deaths from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. First, we find that smokers and members of households that use solid fuels (wood, biomass, coal or dung) for cooking have higher lung obstruction. Second, even if a respondent's household uses clean fuels, their lung obstruction is higher if their neighbors use solid fuels. In neighborhoods with high solid fuel use, the lungs of members of households that use clean fuels can be as obstructed as lungs of members of households that use solid fuels. These negative externalities of solid fuel use are robust to additional controls for neighborhood socioeconomic status, falsification tests, tests with placebo measures, and tests using alternative measures of respiratory health as outcomes. Third, the influence of the determinants is patterned by gender. Smoking tobacco is an important influence on lung obstruction among men. Confirming non-linear dose-response relationships, we find that women from households that use solid fuels are the only group not further harmed by neighborhood solid fuel smoke, possibly because of high exposure to pollutants while cooking. The study improves our understanding of behavioral, social, and environmental determinants of respiratory health in India. Importantly, it makes a case for greater public investments to promote the adoption and use of cleaner fuels.

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  • Gupta, Aashish, 2019. "Where there is smoke: Solid fuel externalities, gender, and adult respiratory health in India," SocArXiv 45fn6, Center for Open Science.
    • Handle: RePEc:osf:socarx:45fn6
    DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/45fn6
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ezzati, Majid & Kammen, Daniel M., 2002. "The Health Impacts of Exposure to Indoor Air Pollution from Solid Fuels in Developing Countries: Knowledge, Gaps, and Data Needs," Discussion Papers 10864, Resources for the Future.
    2. Ezzati, Majid & Kammen, Daniel, 2002. "The Health Impacts of Exposure to Indoor Air Pollution from Solid Fuels in Developing Countries: Knowledge, Gaps, and Data Needs," RFF Working Paper Series dp-02-24, Resources for the Future.
    3. Venkataramani, A.S. & Fried, B.J., 2011. "Effect of worldwide oil price fluctuations on biomass fuel use and child respiratory health: Evidence from Guatemala," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 101(9), pages 1668-1675.
    4. Marc Jeuland & Subhrendu K. Pattanayak & Randall Bluffstone, 2015. "The Economics of Household Air Pollution," Annual Review of Resource Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 7(1), pages 81-108, October.
    5. Gupta, Aashish & Spears, Dean, 2017. "Health externalities of India's expansion of coal plants: Evidence from a national panel of 40,000 households," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 262-276.
    6. McGovern, Mark E. & Canning, David, 2015. "Vaccination and All Cause Child Mortality 1985-2011: Global Evidence from the Demographic and Health Surveys," Working Paper 227741, Harvard University OpenScholar.
    7. Gupta, Aashish & Vyas, Sangita & Hathi, Payal & Khalid, Nazar & Srivastav, Nikhil & Spears, Dean & Coffey, Diane, 2019. "Persistence of solid fuel use despite increases in LPG ownership: New survey evidence from rural north India," SocArXiv yv2es, Center for Open Science.
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    1. Biswas, Shreya & Das, Upasak, 2022. "Adding fuel to human capital: Exploring the educational effects of cooking fuel choice from rural India," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 105(C).
    2. Li, Fanlue & He, Ke & Wang, Yuejie & Zhang, Junbiao, 2021. "Does Indoor Air Pollution from Solid Fuels Influence the Mental Health of Rural Residents? Evidence from China," 2021 Conference, August 17-31, 2021, Virtual 315024, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    3. Coilín ÓhAiseadha & Gerré Quinn & Ronan Connolly & Michael Connolly & Willie Soon, 2020. "Energy and Climate Policy—An Evaluation of Global Climate Change Expenditure 2011–2018," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-49, September.
    4. Vyas, Sangita & Gupta, Aashish & Khalid, Nazar, 2021. "Gender and LPG use after government intervention in rural north India," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    5. Choudhuri, Pallavi & Desai, Sonalde, 2021. "Lack of access to clean fuel and piped water and children’s educational outcomes in rural India," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    6. Utkarsh Patel & Deepak Kumar, 2020. "The Indian Energy Divide: Dissecting inequalities in the energy transition towards LPG," Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER) Working Paper 401, Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER), New Delhi, India.

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