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Education Attainment in Brazil: The Experience of FUNDEF

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  • Luiz de Mello
  • Mombert Hoppe

Abstract

For many years, Brazil lagged behind other middle-income countries in terms of school enrolment rates. But since 1998 policies have aimed at bridging this gap, in particular, with the implementation of FUNDEF, a fund for financing sub-national spending on primary and lower-secondary education. Using state- and municipality-level data during 1991-2002, this paper shows that FUNDEF played a key role in the increase in enrolment rates over the period, particularly in small municipalities, which rely more heavily on transfers from higher levels of government as a source of revenue. These findings underscore the importance of FUNDEF in eliminating supply constraints to the improvement of education attainment. Enrolment rates are now nearly universal for primary and lower-secondary education. Emphasis should therefore be placed on policies to improve the quality of services and to remove supply constraints to the expansion of enrolment in upper-secondary and tertiary education. Les taux d'inscription scolaire au Brésil : L'expérience de FUNDEF Pendant de nombreuses années, les taux d'inscription scolaire au Brésil sont restés derrière ceux des pays à revenu moyen. Mais depuis 1998 des politiques ont visé à réduire cet écart, en particulier, avec la mise en place de FUNDEF, un fonds pour financer la dépense de l'éducation du primaire et du premier cycle du secondaire au niveau local. En utilisant des données au niveau des états et des municipalités de 1991 à 2002, cet article montre que FUNDEF a joué un rôle majeur dans l'augmentation des taux d'inscription au cours de la période, en particulier dans les petites municipalités, qui dépendent plus fortement des transferts à partir des niveaux plus élevés d’administration comme source de revenu. Ces résultats soulignent l'importance de FUNDEF en éliminant les contraintes d’offre liées à l'amélioration des résultats d'éducation. Les taux d'inscription sont maintenant presque universels pour l'éducation du primaire et du premier cycle du secondaire. L'accent devrait donc être mis sur des politiques pour améliorer la qualité des services et pour enlever des contraintes d’offre sur l'expansion de l'inscription dans l'enseignement du deuxième cycle du secondaire et du tertiaire.

Suggested Citation

  • Luiz de Mello & Mombert Hoppe, 2005. "Education Attainment in Brazil: The Experience of FUNDEF," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 424, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:424-en
    DOI: 10.1787/556807485718
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Evan Wigton-Jones, 2020. "Legacies of inequality: the case of Brazil," Journal of Economic Growth, Springer, vol. 25(4), pages 455-501, December.
    2. Monica Brezzi & Luiz de Mello, 2016. "Inequalities in Latin America: Trends and implications for Policy," Hacienda Pública Española / Review of Public Economics, IEF, vol. 219(4), pages 93-120, December.
    3. Elsenberger, Fabio & Kendzia, Michael Jan, 2023. "Educational Reforms and Their Positive Externalities on the Labor Market," IZA Discussion Papers 16435, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    4. Luiz de Mello, 2009. "Brazil's Growth Performance: Achievements and Prospects," WIDER Working Paper Series RP2009-55, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    5. Foureaux Koppensteiner, Martin, 2014. "Automatic grade promotion and student performance: Evidence from Brazil," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 277-290.
    6. Alexander M. Danzer & Lennard Zyska, 2023. "Pensions and Fertility: Microeconomic Evidence," American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association, vol. 15(2), pages 126-165, May.
    7. L. Guarcello & S. Lyon, 2003. "Children's work and water access in Yemen," UCW Working Paper 53, Understanding Children's Work (UCW Programme).
    8. Nanak Kakwani & Hyun H. Son, 2015. "Income inequality and social well-being," Working Papers 380, ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Brazil; Brésil; decentralisation; décentralisation; education; inscription scolaire; school enrolment; éducation;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H52 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Government Expenditures and Education
    • H72 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - State and Local Budget and Expenditures
    • H77 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - Intergovernmental Relations; Federalism

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