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Comment le revenu imposable des ménages réagit-il à sa taxation? Une estimation sur la période 1997-2004

Author

Listed:
  • Pierre-Yves Cabannes

    (CREST - Centre de Recherche en Économie et Statistique - ENSAI - Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Analyse de l'Information [Bruz] - Groupe ENSAE-ENSAI - Groupe des Écoles Nationales d'Économie et Statistique - X - École polytechnique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris - ENSAE Paris - École Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Administration Économique - Groupe ENSAE-ENSAI - Groupe des Écoles Nationales d'Économie et Statistique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Cédric Houdré

    (Direction Générale du Trésor)

  • Camille Landais

    (LSE - Department of Statistics - London School of Economics - LSE - London School of Economics and Political Science)

Abstract

Pour évaluer l'impact d'une réforme fiscale, il est nécessaire de prendre en compte la manière dont les ménages ajustent leur revenu imposable aux taux d'imposition. Le paramètre clé est l'élasticité du revenu imposable à son taux de prélèvement marginal ou à son complémentaire à un, le taux dit « de rétention ». On estime cette élasticité à l'aide de données individuelles portant sur la période 1997 2004. Cette période a connu des modifications législatives de l'impôt sur le revenu (diminution du plafond du quotient familial et baisses des taux du barème) qui constituent des « expériences naturelles » adéquates pour mesurer l'élasticité du revenu imposable par rapport au taux marginal, en s'inspirant de la stratégie d'estimation utilisée par Gruber et Saez (2002). Sur l'ensemble des ménages fiscaux, l'élasticité estimée du revenu imposable par rapport au taux de rétention marginal est très faible, de l'ordre de 0,02. Il existe cependant une assez forte hétérogénéité des réactions, puisqu'elle vaut 0,31 pour les 10 % de foyers disposant des revenus imposables les plus élevés. À titre illustratif, on examine ce qu'implique une telle élasticité dans le cadre d'un modèle permettant de déterminer le taux maximal applicable aux revenus les plus élevés, le modèle de Saez (2001). Ce calcul n'est toutefois qu'indicatif, car le modèle de Saez est conçu pour évaluer les taux optimaux dans l'hypothèse où l'impôt sur le revenu serait le seul instrument redistributif et la seule source de recettes pour les finances publiques. Il ne présage pas du taux optimal à appliquer dans un système fiscal où l'impôt sur le revenu ne joue qu'un rôle minoritaire.

Suggested Citation

  • Pierre-Yves Cabannes & Cédric Houdré & Camille Landais, 2014. "Comment le revenu imposable des ménages réagit-il à sa taxation? Une estimation sur la période 1997-2004," Post-Print hal-05534932, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05534932
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://insee.hal.science/hal-05534932v1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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