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Covid-19 pandemic and tourism: we won't go back to business as usual
[Pandémie de la Covid-19 et tourisme : nous ne reviendrons pas au Business as usual]

Author

Listed:
  • Sylvain Zeghni

    (LVMT - Laboratoire Ville, Mobilité, Transport - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - Université Gustave Eiffel)

  • Nathalie Fabry

    (DICEN-IDF - Dispositifs d'Information et de Communication à l'Ère du Numérique - Paris Île-de-France - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre - Cnam - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [Cnam] - Université Gustave Eiffel)

Abstract

La propagation rapide du Coronavirus Covid-19, depuis le premier cas survenu en décembre 2019 à Wuhan, en Chine continentale, a entraîné une réduction significative de la quasi-totalité du tourisme mondial. La propagation du virus a particulièrement attiré l'attention sur la nature mondialisée du tourisme et sur la manière dont le secteur peut être affecté par la propagation du virus, probablement de manière irréversible. La croissance du tourisme international a été l'un des moteurs les plus constants et les plus importants de l'économie mondiale depuis les années 1950 (Figure 1). De seulement 25 millions d'arrivées de touristes internationaux en 1950, les chiffres ont atteint 450 millions en 1990, puis ont rapidement explosé pour dépasser le milliard d'arrivées en 2013. Cette croissance rapide a été alimentée par divers facteurs au fil des ans, plus particulièrement l'essor des nouvelles technologies, les nouvelles tendances en matière de style de vie associées à la prospérité mondiale croissante et l'avènement des compagnies aériennes à bas prix, qui ont rendu les voyages internationaux abordables pour les masses. L'explosion du tourisme au cours des 30 dernières années peut également être attribuée à l'émergence des classes moyennes dans les nouveaux pays riches et très peuplés du monde tels que la Chine, le Brésil, l'Inde et la Russie. Les mobilités d'un nombre aussi important de touristes et leurs dépenses, à des fins de loisirs et d'affaires, ont un impact profond sur les économies des territoires qui les accueillent. En outre, l'activité touristique se déroule souvent dans des endroits peu attractifs pour l'investissement industriel. Les dépenses des « visiteurs loisirs » pour les événements sportifs et culturels, le shopping, l'hébergement, les restaurants, les attractions touristiques, les visites et en tant que « visiteurs d'affaires » lors de conférences, stimulent massivement les économies locales et l'emploi.

Suggested Citation

  • Sylvain Zeghni & Nathalie Fabry, 2020. "Covid-19 pandemic and tourism: we won't go back to business as usual [Pandémie de la Covid-19 et tourisme : nous ne reviendrons pas au Business as usual]," Post-Print hal-02899459, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02899459
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-02899459v1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Scott, Daniel & Hall, C. Michael & Gössling, Stefan, 2019. "Global tourism vulnerability to climate change," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 49-61.
    2. Fan, Victoria Y & Jamison, Dean T & Summers, Lawrence H, 2018. "Pandemic risk: how large are the expected losses?," Scholarly Articles 35014363, Harvard Kennedy School of Government.
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