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Sophisticated and Unsophisticated Runs

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Abstract

In March 2020, U.S. prime money market funds (MMFs) suffered heavy outflows following the liquidity shock triggered by the COVID-19 crisis. In a previous post, we characterized the run on the prime MMF industry as a whole and the role of the liquidity facility established by the Federal Reserve (the Money Market Mutual Fund Liquidity Facility) in stemming the run. In this post, based on a recent Staff Report, we contrast the behaviors of retail and institutional investors during the run and explain the different reasons behind the run.

Suggested Citation

  • Marco Cipriani & Gabriele La Spada, 2021. "Sophisticated and Unsophisticated Runs," Liberty Street Economics 20210602, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    • Handle: RePEc:fip:fednls:92279
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    Cited by:

    1. Capotă, Laura-Dona & Grill, Michael & Molestina Vivar, Luis & Schmitz, Niklas & Weistroffer, Christian, 2022. "Is the EU money market fund regulation fit for purpose? Lessons from the COVID-19 turmoil," Working Paper Series 2737, European Central Bank.
    2. Lucia Gurrieri & Chase P. Ross & Ben Schmiedt & Alexandros Vardoulakis & Vladimir Yankov, 2025. "Central Bank Access and Flight to Safety," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2025-100, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    3. Kenechukwu E. Anadu & Pablo D. Azar & Catherine Huang & Marco Cipriani & Thomas M. Eisenbach & Gabriele La Spada & Mattia Landoni & Marco Macchiavelli & Antoine Malfroy-Camine & J. Christina Wang, 2023. "Runs and Flights to Safety: Are Stablecoins the New Money Market Funds?," Supervisory Research and Analysis Working Papers SRA 23-02, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, revised 26 Mar 2024.
    4. Lugo, Stefano, 2023. "Cost of monitoring and risk taking in the money market funds industry," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    5. Kenechukwu E. Anadu & Marco Cipriani & Ryan M. Craver & Gabriele La Spada, 2021. "COVID Response: The Money Market Mutual Fund Facility," Staff Reports 980, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    6. Xuesong Huang & Todd Keister, 2025. "Can Redemption Fees Prevent Runs on Funds?," Staff Reports 1160, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    7. Fricke, Daniel & Greppmair, Stefan & Paludkiewicz, Karol, 2024. "You can’t always get what you want (where you want it): Cross-border effects of the US money market fund reform," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    8. Järvenpää, Maija & Paavola, Aleksi, 2021. "Investor monitoring, money-likeness and stability of money market funds," Research Discussion Papers 2/2021, Bank of Finland.
    9. Fernando Avalos & Dora Xia, 2021. "Investor size, liquidity and prime money market fund stress," BIS Quarterly Review, Bank for International Settlements, March.
    10. Anadu, Kenechukwu & Levin, John & Lu, Lina & Malfroy-Camine, Antoine & Oefele, Nico, 2025. "Are retail prime money market fund investors increasingly more sensitive to stress events?," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
    11. Nicola Cetorelli & Gabriele La Spada & João A. C. Santos, 2022. "Monetary Policy, Investor Flows, and Loan Fund Fragility," Staff Reports 1008, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    12. Xiaole Tong & Jingfei Wang, 2023. "Does the Development of Money Market Funds in China Increase the Bank Liquidity Risk?," Journal of Applied Finance & Banking, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 13(1), pages 1-7.
    13. Aldasoro, Iñaki & Cornelli, Giulio & Ferrari Minesso, Massimo & Gambacorta, Leonardo & Habib, Maurizio Michael, 2025. "Stablecoins, money market funds and monetary policy," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 247(C).
    14. Voellmy, Lukas, 2024. "Preventing runs under sequential revelation of liquidity needs," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    15. Dunne, Peter G. & Giuliana, Raffaele, 2021. "Do liquidity limits amplify money market fund redemptions during the COVID crisis?," ESRB Working Paper Series 127, European Systemic Risk Board.

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    JEL classification:

    • G1 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets
    • G23 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors

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