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What Does It Take? Quantifying Cross-Country Transfers in the Eurozone

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Abstract

We compute the cross-country transfers that result from unconventional monetary policy in the Eurozone. The ECB funds the expansion of its aggregate balance sheet mostly by issuing bank reserves and cash in core countries. The national central banks (NCBs) in periphery countries then borrow from the core NCBs at below-market rates to fund the asset purchases and bank lending. In addition, NCBs in the periphery lend more to their own banks at below market rates. To compute the cross-country transfers, we compare the resulting cross-country distribution of NCB income to a counterfactual scenario without the ECB and without non-marketable intra-Eurozone debt. We document significant and persistent transfers from the core to the periphery.

Suggested Citation

  • YiLi Chien & Zhengyang Jiang & Matteo Leombroni & Hanno Lustig, 2025. "What Does It Take? Quantifying Cross-Country Transfers in the Eurozone," Working Papers 2025-024, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
    • Handle: RePEc:fip:fedlwp:101808
    DOI: 10.20955/wp.2025.024
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    1. Carmen M. Reinhart & Kenneth S. Rogoff, 2009. "Varieties of Crises and Their Dates," Introductory Chapters, in: This Time Is Different: Eight Centuries of Financial Folly, Princeton University Press.
    2. Carlo Altavilla & Giacomo Carboni & Roberto Motto, 2021. "Asset Purchase Programs and Financial Markets: Lessons from the Euro Area," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 17(70), pages 1-48, October.
    3. Desislava C. Andreeva & Thomas Vlassopoulos, 2019. "Home Bias in Bank Sovereign Bond Purchases and the Bank-Sovereign Nexus," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 15(1), pages 157-197, March.
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    JEL classification:

    • E42 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Monetary Sytsems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • F33 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions
    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets

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